“藕断丝连”用英语怎么说?

篇一：汉英翻译 2

一、“假朋友”的识别

蓝天—blue sky头痛—headche

心形—heart-shaped 前门—front door

信箱—mailbox松针—pine needle

山脚—foot of a mountain 发带—hair band

饮用水—drinking water 钓鱼竿—finishing rod

轻如鸿毛—as light as a feather 眼见为实—seeing is believing 纺织品—dry goods干货—dry food

海豹—sea dog海狗—fur seal

纸币、钞票—paper money 祭祀时烧的纸钱—joss paper 骂别人“二百五”—a horse’s ass 四季豆—green bean

绿豆—mung bean 变质发酸的牛奶—sour milk

酸奶—yoghurt 卖二手货、廉价货的市场—boot fair 制造或贩卖非法商品—bootleg 拍马屁—lick sb’s shoes

靴筒—leg of a boot售卖酒类的商店—wine shop

行车道—parking lane私人修建的从主干道至自家车库门前的引道—drive way 可供车行且路边植有树木的林荫大道—parkway公共厕所—rest room 休息室—lounge防水油布—oil skin

油性皮肤—oily skin 承认自己说错话—eat one’s words 食言—go back on one’s word/break a promise 愚弄某人—pull one’s leg 当心、留神—look out 美国的中学—high school

破产—have/wear a green bonnet 电话薄—yellow book

黄色书籍—pornography不遗余力、千方百计—to move heaven and earth 无家可归的流浪者—street people假正经的人—goody-goody

好好先生—yes-man 举止粗鲁或无教养的人—peasant

欺骗性宣传—propaganda后腿—be a drag on sb

宣传—popularize/publicize

困难或危险的情况或是不安定、容易出事的地方—hot spot

投资热点—a popular investment spot/a region attractive to investors

价廉物美—economimcal and good/nice and inecpensive

二、成语的英译策略

1.直译法: 如鱼得水—feel just like fish in water

临阵磨枪—sharpen one’s spear only before going into battle

狐假虎威—The fox borrows the tiger’s terror

猫哭老鼠—The cat weeps over the mouse

对牛弹琴—play the harp to a bull

雨后春笋—like bamboo shoots after a spring shower

一寸光阴一寸金—An inch of time is an inch of gold

谋事在人，成事在天—Man proposes, God disposes.

胸有成竹—have a well-thought-out plan before doing something

2.意译法：手忙脚乱—in a frantic rush

立竿见影—get instant results噤若寒蝉—keep quiet

明火执仗—do evil things openly 牵肠挂肚—be full of anxiety and worry

快马加鞭—speed up 藕断丝连—have not cut off relations competelyaig

五光十色—multicolored 归心似箭—be very anxious to return home 鸡毛蒜皮—trifling开门见山—come straight to the point

狗急跳墙—do something desperate 黔驴技穷—at one’s wits’ end

单枪匹马—all by oneself 生龙活虎—bursting with energy

顺手牵羊—walk off with something守株待兔—trust to chance and stroke of luck

3.套译法：肉中刺—a thorn in the flesh浑水摸鱼—fish in troubled water 趁热打铁—Strike while the iron is hot 眼见为实—Seeing is believing

隔墙有耳—Walls have ears 自投罗网—throw oneself into the trap 嗤之以鼻—turn up one’s nose at 一触即发—touch and go

空中阁楼—castles in the air 充耳不闻—turn a deaf ear to

熟能生巧—Practice makes perfect事实胜于雄辩—facts speak louder than words 笑掉大牙—laugh off one’s head 乱七八糟—at sixes and sevens

东张西望—look right and left 抛砖引玉—to throw a sprat to catch a herring 缘木求鱼—seek a hare in hen’s nest挥金如土—to spend money like water 胆小如鼠—as timid as a hare 瓮中之鳖—like a rat in a hole

无风不起浪—There is no smoke without fire

挂羊头卖狗肉—cry up wine and sell vinegar

有志者事竟成—Where there is a will there is a way

新官上任三把火—new brooms sweep clean

偷鸡不着蚀把米—go for wool and come back shorn

己所不欲，勿施于人—Do as you would be done by

以眼还眼—an eye for an eye 君子协定—a gentlemen’s agreement 武装到牙齿—armed to the earth

篇二：英语翻译与写作-Diction

Diction

? the proper choice of words and phrases in the process of translation to fit their context

? Methods of Discriminating the Original Meaning of an English Word

1. According to word-formation: compounding, derivation, blending, acronym formation, clipping

? compounding(合成法): generation gap, summer time (夏令时), test-tube baby (试管婴儿),

brain-drain (人才外流), picturephone (可视电话), soft-landing economy(软着陆经济) credit card (信用卡), pocket money(零用钱), greenhouse effect (温室效应)

? derivation（派生法）: non - friend (假朋友), antifreeze (抗冻剂), preschooler (学龄前儿童) , ? blending (拼缀法): comsat ( communication + satellite,通讯卫星) , lunarnaut ( lunar + astronaut,

登月宇宙航行员) , Chinglish (Chinese + English,汉式英语)

? acronym formation(首字母缩略法)：PC ( personal computer, 个人电脑) , CALL ( computer -

aided language learning, 计算机辅助语言学习 ) , CIA ( the Central Intelligence Agency,中央

情报局)

? clipping（截缩法）: ad ( advertisement) , homo ( homosexuality) ,memo (memorandum) , bus

( omnibus) , flu ( influenza)

2. According to the references

(1) third-person pronouns

He sent John to the university and was eager to have him distinguish himself.

(2) demonstrative pronouns and demonstrative adverbs

Health is above wealth, for this cannot give so much happiness as that.

(3) references of comparison

I hate blue shirts; white shirts suit me but gray is the most preferable.

3. According to the context and collocation

? No context, no translation. e.g.

I’ll finish the book next week.

Tension is building up.

? Each word, when used in a new context, is a new word.

As luck would have it, no one was in the building when the explosion occurred.

As luck would have it, there was rain on the day of the picnic.

The war is becoming the most important story of this generation.

It is quite another story now.

Some reporters who were not included in the session broke the story.

What a story! I don’t believe a word of it.

The story about him became smaller and by and by faded out from American TV.

在这种情况下 under such circumstances / such being the case

这种情况必须改变。This state of affairs must change.

现在情况不同了。Now things are different.

他们的情况怎么样？How do matters stand with them?

前线有什么情况？How is the situation at the front?

我们可能去那儿，那得看情况而定。We may go there, but that depends.

4. According to different branches of learning and specialties

base: 词根 （lexicology） 本金 （business） 底涂 （painting） 基线 （survey）

根据地 （military science） 底座 （machinery） 底边 （maths）

The lathe should be set on a firm base.

Line AB is the base of the triangle ABC.

The weary troops marched back to the base.

? Techniques of Translating a Given Word

1. Deduction：to deduce the original meaning in the light of the explanation of a dictionary

cybercafé – a coffee house that provides patrons with computer terminals for browsing the Internet for

a fee 网吧

smart card – electronic card: a small plastic card containing a microchip that can store personal data

and bank-account details 智能卡

win-win – beneficial to all in some way 双赢

上班 上报 上台 上场 上冻 上告 上当

2. Transplant: to translate the ingredients of a given English word literally and then combine each part of

them

blue tooth microwave white-collar supermarket

春节

中秋节

泼水节

火把节

3. Extension: the extension of meaning is from the concrete to the abstract, and vice versa.

1) from the concrete to the abstract

lick sb’s boots巴结 eat one’s heart out极度悲痛 catch forty winks打盹儿 eat like a bird吃得极少

谦虚态度modesty 发展过程development 无知的表现innocence 鸡毛蒜皮trifling 同情心理sympathy

I was practically on my knees but he still refused.

The matter was finally settled under the table.

He earns scarcely enough to keep body and soul together.

I have no head for music.

这是他们夫妻之间的事， 你去插一脚干吗?

这消息让我出了一身冷汗。

他毛遂自荐来这所小学当老师。

真正的好朋有应该是雪中送炭。

这些问题盘根错节,三言两语说不清楚。

2) from the abstract to the concrete

transportation运输工具 keep quiet噤若寒蝉be full of anxiety and worry牵肠挂肚very anxious to return home归心似箭have not cut off relations completely藕断丝连

有花不完的钱have enough money to burn结为良缘win the hand of 鲁莽的人a bull in a china shop家丑a skeleton in the cupboard保密keep sth under one’s hat

All the people were exasperated by his fault-finding.

More and more people have realized the necessity of learning computer.

His arrogance sent him into isolation and helplessness.

Her jealousy is the cause of her failure.

There has been too much violence in that region.

他每天要处理许多棘手的问题。

这个男孩真粗心，他的书本都已经折角了。

我不想依靠父母过日子。

同反复无常的人没法相处。

4. Substitution：to replace the words of the original expression with Chinese synonyms or idioms

according to different situations.

5. Explanation:

togetherness (家庭或社会的)和睦相处

red-shirt 红色运动员（出色的美国大学生运动员）

clock-watcher 老是看钟等下班的人

叶公好龙 Lord Sheh’s love of dragons (Lord Sheh was so fond of dragons that he adorned his whole

palace with drawings and carvings of them. But when a real dragon heard of his

infatuation and paid him a visit, he was frightened out of his wits.)

裹足 bound feet ( a vile feudal practice which crippled woman both physically and spiritually)

6. Combination：

His father is a man who forgives and forgets.

We must reach our goals and aims.

In our workshop there is a hard and fast rule against smoking.

他决心洗心革面，脱胎换骨。

你怎能过河拆桥、忘恩负义呢？

7. Commendation & derogation:

Many people think that he is one of the most ambitious politicians of our times.

Although he is very young, he is very ambitious in his research work.

The stubborn boy refused to listen to his parents ' advice

The invaders met a stubborn resistance from the local people.

She is fidgety and restless.

All the inventors have a restless mind.

她父亲是一位有名的外科医生。

黄金荣是上海有名的大流氓。

由于党的农业政策，我国千千万万农民走上了致富的道路．

____________ the policies of the Communist Party of China on agriculture, millions of peasants in China are getting rich.

由于两次世界大战的爆发，各国人民蒙受了极大的灾难。

People of all countries have suffer great calamities ______________ the two world wars.

诗人应该具有丰富的想象力。A poet should have rich __________.

真遗憾，你的想象力太丰富了。What a pity ! You’ve got into wild fights of __________.

8. Transliteration：磕头（kowtow），荔枝（litchi）； engine（引擎），motor（马达），logic（逻辑），

Kodak（柯达），Audi(奥迪)，Motorola(摩托罗拉)，Hilton (希尔顿），Siemens(西门子），Shangrila(香格里拉）

9. Pictographic translation：

T square 丁字尺 I-column 工字柱

U-bend 马蹄弯头 V-slot 三角形槽

篇三：英语长句翻译

英语长句通常指20个单词以上的单句，由于英语句子除其主干结构以外，还有各种修饰语，如非谓语动词、定语从句、介词短语、复合结构等等，定语套定语，修饰语中再套上修饰语，形成了峰回路转、迂回曲折、错综复杂的结构，要准确地译成汉语，确实不容易。死搬硬套原文的表达方式和表达结构往往会使译文变成英语味道十足的汉语，艰涩难懂，语流堵塞严重，可读性自然很差，根本无法展现汉语的语言特色和优美。遇到难句长句，首先要把握整个句子的中心意思，然后采取依托中心词层层分解的方式翻译。

第一 顺译法

顺译法就是指在保证意思准确、行文通顺的前提下按照英语原句的结构顺序翻译成汉语的方法，最大程度地再现原文的风格，是长句翻译过程中首先要考虑的方法。不过，所谓顺译法，并不是一词一句都按照英语原句的顺序来翻译，而是指句中的各个语法成分基本按照原文的先后顺序来翻译。顺译法的成功翻译体现了英汉在句子结构和表达习惯方面所存在的共相部分，最大程度地体现了英汉之间的“可译性”。

Unexplained disappearances in the Bermuda Triangle have continued to the present and no plane or ship was reported to be overdue and finally classed as “search discontinuing’ by the Seven Coast Guard without expressed or unexpressed comment or feeling among the public or searchers that there was some connection with the past and present phenomenon of the Bermuda Triangle.

［原译］百慕大魔鬼三角洲的神秘失踪现象一直持续到今天。如果在公众和搜索队员们中间不存在有关此事与百慕大魔鬼三角洲的历史现象存在某种联系的表达出或未表达出的评论或感觉，也就不会有飞机或船只被报道说延期到达并被美国第七海岸警卫队宣布“搜索停止”了。

［改译］百慕大魔鬼三角洲的神秘失踪现象一直延续至今，因而，每当有报道说某飞机或船只逾期未抵而最后美国第七海岸警卫队宣布“停止搜索”，公众和搜索队员们难免有意无意地评论一番，或是流露出某种神情。看得出，他们都认为此事与百慕大魔鬼三角洲的历史现象存在某种联系。

［译文评析］本句属于结构复杂的英语长句，正确理解句子结构、把握句子的基本脉络尤其重要。在此基础上，翻译得是否清晰而流畅，则取决于译者运用翻译技巧的熟悉程度。通过比较不难看出，原译对英语长句的理解是正确的，但表达却与原文的流畅风格相去甚远。改译利用汉语逻辑关系的优势以及短句的优势，巧妙地通过原语中潜在的“时间关系”和分句译法，按照原句的基本行文顺序，译成“每当有报道说?, (公众和搜索队员们)难免有意无意地评论一番?”辅以一定的增益(如“流露出?”、“看得出”）连接上下文，大大增加了译文语意的清晰度，增强了译文的可读性。整个译文自然流畅，行如流水，完全摆脱了原文复杂结构的束缚。

09年

We, the human species, are confronting a planetary emergency – a threat to the survival of our civilization that is gathering ominous and destructive potential even as we gather here.

我们人类，正面临全球性的危机，我们的生存和文明受到威胁。尽管我们聚在一起共商对策，而灾难却在扩大，形式不容乐观。

Instead of being freer and happier than ever before， they had assumed new responsibilities，they had established a new household， and must fulfill in some

way or another the obligations of it. They looked back with affection to their engagement； they had been longing to have each other to themselves， apart from the world， but it seemed that they never felt so keenly that they were still units in modern society.本文选自朱厄特的文章《新生活》The New Life by Sarah Jewett 2008

生活并没有比以前更自由、更幸福，因为他们要去承担新的责任。既然成立了一个新的家庭，那就无论如何也要尽一点家庭的义务。他们深情地回想起订婚的那段时光，曾经如此地渴望拥有彼此而忘掉这个世界，然而现在最深切的感受却是自己仍是这个世界的一份子。

第二 拆译法

英汉翻译中，我们常会遇到英语句式长、内在结构和成分复杂等现象，翻译时则需要这些复杂成分从长句的主干结构中抽离出来，译成外位成分，或是外形上相对独立却与原搭配成分保持“藕断丝连”关系的语言单位（常为句子），以保证信息传递的准确性和完整性，同时保持很好的译文可读性。这种翻译方法称为“拆译法”。

［例］When Smith was drunk, he would rail at the world for its neglect of his genius, and abuse, with a good deal of cleverness, and sometimes with perfect reason, the fools, his brother painters.

［原译］史密斯一喝醉酒时就痛骂世界忽视他的才华，并比较聪明地、有时也是特别有理性地辱骂他那些傻瓜同行画家们。

［改译］史密斯醉酒后不是满嘴牢骚，就是骂骂咧咧。他抱怨世人不赏识他的才华；他痛骂他的画家同行都是笨蛋。他骂得不仅特别讥诮，而且有时骂得也头头是道。

［译文评析］分句采用先拆开句子结果，把二个主要动词的意思先译出来，然后再回过来“分段实施、层层推进、各个击破”的翻译策略译各自的宾语或修饰语，不失为翻译中的经典范例。原文的动词具有很强的引领功能，不仅有两个相对独立而有对称的结构紧跟其后，而且每个结构又有两个介词短语构成，前一个结构本身又自带了两个独立而对称的结构，使得整个句子在一个动词的引领下绵延不断，但有具有千丝万缕的联系。这种典型的英语结构翻译成汉语时如果采用以上“分段实施、层层推进、各个击破”的翻译方法，经常可以体现形散而神不散的效果，起到传神的翻译效果。由于原文是两个主体结构，本句先通过拆句法将rail译成“不是满嘴牢骚，就是骂骂咧咧”，这是第一段；继而将两个对称的介词短语译成分译成“抱怨世人不赏识他的才华；他痛骂他的画家同行都是笨蛋”；最后一段译第一个结构中的两个with结构，再次译出对称美。整个句子通过分段翻译、各个击破的翻译，不仅将英语的“形合”特点转换成汉语的“意合”优势，而且还保持了原文的对称结构美。此译法没有简单地使用词汇重复法，而是使用同义词代之，以使各分支结构的自然衔接，使语意更加清晰，使语流更加通畅。

真题长句分析：

1. Right before me lay the very scene which could really be commanded from that

situation，but exalted， as was usual，and solemnized by the power of dreams.（2010）

就在我的面前展现出了那么一番景色，从我那个位置其实能够尽收眼底，可是梦里的感觉往往如此，由于梦幻的力量，这番景象显得超凡出尘，一派肃穆气象。

第三 倒译法��

英语中有时会遇到修饰语连续不断、句子结构错综复杂的现象（如定语从句的先行词同时又是某个作修饰语的介词短语的宾语），环环相扣，层层修饰；有时也很遇到在同一个句子中出现主观结论和客观事实相结合的现象，句子中先说主观感受、后说客观事实。遇到以上这些情况时，前种情况是先译后面的修饰语部分，将定语从句和先行词采用溶合法译成一个分句，再译先行词前面的修饰语内容，从句后向句前步步分解、层层推进。后种情况则先译句后的客观事实，再译句前的主观感受，如结论、推断和个人感受，先展开，后收拢。这种自后向前推进的翻译方法就是“倒译法”。

［例］The man in the street scarcely realizes that many forms of business, some major industries, and one or two minor professions could be completely abolished without gravely injuring American society; whereas the disappearance – or even what we see in some quarters, the continuous neglect and degradation- of the teaching profession must mean a disaster to the entire nation.

［原译］美国街上的男人很少可以认识到许多行业、一些主要的工业和一两个不重要的职业完全可以废除而不会严重影响到美国社会；然而，教师职业的消失以及长期忽视、贬低教师职业的做法一定会成为整个民族的灾难。

［改译］在美国，许多行业可以完全停业，某些主要工业可以废除，一两个次要职业也可以完全取消，而不致严重影响到美国社会；但如果没有教师这个职业，或者像在某些地区那样，教育事业长期未受到重视，因而每况愈下，那么就整个国家而言，必将是一场灾难。关于这一点，一般人是很少认识到的。

［译文评析］英语原文的结构比较繁杂，但原译没有摆脱英语结构的束缚，造成译文可读性很差，译文的意思也很迁就。首先，改译采用倒译法，按照汉语的表达习惯，先译细节内容，再译总结性话语，行文自然，重心突出，所以把英语句首的强调语势部分The man in the street scarcely realizes放在句子末尾翻译，突出了原文的中心意思（即，“关于这一点，一般人是很少认识到的”）。其次，译文将详细信息通过配对翻译法，改变原文“多枝共干“结构，根据abolished与many forms of business等三者的对应关系，采用各个配对的方式，分别译成“停业、废除、取消”，完全符合汉语的搭配意义，语言准确而流畅，使原文信息在并列的汉语结构中得到充分体现。同时，将名词短语译诚短句，也是值得称道的译法。

But there is hopeful news as well: we have the ability to solve this crisis and avoid the worst – though not all – of its consequences, if we act boldly, decisively and quickly. 09 但也有令人欣喜的消息：如果行动大胆果断，反应迅速，我们有能力解决这场危机，避免其向最坏的方向发展。

第四节 溶合法

溶合法是一种通过整合英语原句中的主体结构和它后面的修饰语二个部分，将英语句子结构简化的翻译手段。溶合法是一种非常重要、实用的翻译法。它包括将句子主谓宾的整合、二个分句的整合、主句与从句的整合。句子主谓宾的整合是将宾语作为汉语简单句的主语，而把英语原句的主语和谓语整合成一个修饰语，修饰这个“新主语”，将原句宾语后面的修饰语转译文成汉语的谓语成分；二个分句的整合就是分句合译法，即，将英语的二个分句通过省略第二个分句的主语而译成汉语的一个简单句；主句与从句的整合主要包括主句与定语从句的整合，同时也包括主句与表语从句或同位语从句的整合。

英语简单句中以动词宾语为核心名词的溶合翻译

［例1］Other speakers come from university and college campuses; many professors and instructors do consulting work on the side. They offer the advantage of being able to articulate ideas with clarity and forcefulness.

［原译］另有一些讲员来自大学或学院的校园，很多大学教授和老师还担任有关咨询工作。他们具有能清晰而有力地表达思想的优势。

［改译］另有一些讲员来自大专院校。许多教授和讲师担任相关的咨询工作，他们的优势是思想表达清晰而有力。

［译文评析］原译虽在语意上基本达到准确和完整，但可读性欠佳，且没有将原文中的强调语势译出来。改译通过溶合法将句子的主体结构浓缩成名词“?的优势”（既原文的宾语），将在句子结构中虽处于次要位置、但在语意表达上处于主要位置的部分（本句中为介词短语）以强调语势的方式翻译出来（“是?清晰而有力”），从更深的层面上传达了原文的内涵。不难看出，改译通过溶合法的使用，使其无论在语意表达、内涵体现或是可读性上都比原译胜出一筹。

我们经常看到，一个人走着走着，就突然停下来了，眼睛盯着他的手机，不管他在哪里，无论是在道路中心或旁边有厕所。09

We are familiar with the scene when a person stops his steps to edit short messages with eyes glued at his phone， disregard of his location， whether in road center or beside restroom.

2. 中国民族自古以来从不把人看作高于一切，在哲学文艺方面的表现都反映出人在自然界

中与万物占有比例较为恰当的地位，而非绝对统治万物的主宰。06

Chinese people has never thought of human being as the highest creature among everything since ancient times， whose reflection takes a quite appropriate proportion with all others in our natural world in both aspects of philosophy and arts， but not as an absolute dominant ruler.

第五 重组法

英语的句子往往先要点出概括性感受或主观推断，然后才提及引发这些感受或推断的细节，而汉语恰好相反。有时候，为了体现汉语表达的习惯和语言的流畅性，翻译时需要对原文进行变通处理，将句内成分的位置重新进行调整和组合。这就是句子的重组翻译法。

句子结构的重组

［例］Today, China is the world’s manufacturing center. It produces half of the clothes worn by people around the world and one-third of the planet’s mobile phones. China is the world’s largest mobile phone market, and the second largest market for personal computers.

［原译］今天，中国已经成为世界制造业的中心。中国生产着全世界人们身上穿的衣服的一半和全球移动电话总量的三分之一。中国是世界上最大的移动电话市场和第二大个人电脑市场。

［改译］今天，中国已经成为世界制造业的中心。在全世界人们身上穿的衣服中，一半由中国制造；全球移动电话总量的三分之一由中国制造。中国是世界上最大的移动电话市场，个人电脑市场位居世界第二。

［译文评析］本句produces之后的宾语部分修饰语比较集中，为了保证行文的通畅，改译将其主要信息先提前到句首翻译，再返回来翻译句子的主谓语及宾语的部分信息。原译机械地顺译使句子留下非常明显的翻译痕迹。

［例］We must meet the challenges and endeavor to develop new conference and exhibition models, however, for the age of information we now face.

［原译］ 但是，我们必须迎接挑战并为了我们所面临的这个时代研制新型的会议和展览模式。

［改译］ 但是，今天我们处在一个信息时代，我们必须迎接挑战，并竭力开发那些符合时代要求的新型会展模式。

［译文评析］本句翻译的难点是原文出现连续修饰的现象，这是英汉翻译中常见的问题。如果套用原文句式翻译，就变成了死译。改译则采取先将定语从句译出且调整表达顺序，将其前译，然后再译位于其前面起承上启下作用的单词或短语（如本句中的 the age）。值得一提的是，这种重组翻译法往往需要注意一个关键问题，就是将衔接部分单词或短语（如本句中的 the age）用不同的方式重新翻译一遍，如本句中结合age前面的介词for重新翻译了age这个单词,译成“符合时代要求的（新型会议模式）”。

［例］What is unique with international meetings, which range in size from a few to more than a thousand, is that many of the participants leave their culture to meet in another.

［原译］规模从几个人至一千多人的国际会议的独特之处是很多与会者离开自己所熟悉的文化，相聚在异国文化之中。

［改译］国际会议的规模不尽相同，小到几个人、大至逾千人。会议的独特之处是很多与会者离开自己所熟悉的文化，相聚在异国文化之中。

［译文评析］本句的典型特点是介词宾语international meetings既是定语从句的先行词，又与它所在的主语从句具有意思上的密切联系，如果采取层层修饰的翻译，必然造成语句的阻塞。因此，改译先将句中先行词与定语从句的关系翻译成独立分句（“国际会议的规模不尽相同，小到几个人、大至逾千人“），再处理先行词和主语从句的主体部分（即What is unique）的密切关系（会议的独特之处是??），充分发挥结构重组翻译的优势。

［例］Anger and bitter had preyed upon me continually for weeks and a deep languor had succeeded this passionate struggle.

［原译］几个星期以来，愤怒和痛苦连续向我袭来，接着，深深的乏力感也紧随着这种激烈的思想斗争出现了。

［改译］几个星期以来，我一直又气又恨，感到非常苦恼，这种感情的激烈斗争之后，我感到浑身无力。

［译文评析］原译前半句的译文应该说可以接受，但后半句译成“深深的乏力感也紧随着这种激烈的思想斗争出现了”，无论如何也算不上规范的语言。因此，有必要对其进行重新组合。根据英语词汇succeed的用法特点和汉语按照时间顺序组句的表达习惯，将deep languor 和this passionate struggle通过重新调整语序来翻译。

［例It is painfully apparent that millions of Americans who would never think of themselves as law-breakers, let alone criminals, are actually taking increasing liberties with the American legal codes that are designed to protect and nourish their society

［原译］令人感到痛苦的明显之事就是：数以百万计从来不认为自己会违反法律更不会把

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