篇一：高中情态动词
情态动词
总述：情态动词同助动词一样，不能单独作谓语，要和实义动词一起作谓语。因此，情态动词也称为情态助动词。情态动词同基本助动词的区别在于，基本助动词本身无意义，而情态动词有自己的意义。如：
概念:
定义：情态动词是表示能力,义务,必须,猜测等说话人的语气或情态的动词.
特征：
情态动词后加动词原形
情态动词无三单（have to除外）
否定+not；疑问直接提前（have to 除外）
不能单独做谓语，必须和其它动词一起构成谓语
情态动词和助动词的区别：
助动词本身无意义，主要帮助构成谓语，表示时态、语态或者构成疑问及否定形式
情态动词有词义，但也和助动词一样，不能单独做谓语，必须和其它动词一起构成谓语。 情态动词用法：
Can和could的用法
本意：
1.表示能力。（could 为can的过去式，表示过去的能力）
如：
Can you finish this work tonight?
Man cannot live without air.
— Can I go now?— Yes, you can.
Can与be able to 的区别：
can只有两种时态, 即can 和could, 而be able to 有多种时态, 如was/were able to, will/shall be able to, have/has been able to等:
I’ll be able to drive the car in a week.
Through his diligent work, the deaf-mute has been able to read and write in a sign language. 表示过去通过努力终于做成了某事要用be able to，而不能用can。
Eg： I was able to swim to the bank after the boat turned over.
特殊用法：——表“允许”和“许可”
could也可表示请求，预期委婉，主要用于疑问句，不可用于肯定句，答语应用can（即could不能用于现在时态的简略答语中）。如：
Could I come to see you tomorrow?
Yes, you can. （否定答语可用No, I'm afraid not.）
表推测和可能性
can用在肯定句中表示客观的逻辑上的可能性，意为“可能会”。
A horse in the center of London can cost a lot of money.
Attending the ball can be very exciting.
The road can be blocked. 这条路可能会不通的。
多用于否定与疑问结构中, can’t be表示100%的否定推测，意为“不可能是” eg：Can the news be true? 这消息可能是真的吗？
It can’t be true. 它不可能是真的。
What can he possibly mean? 他可能是什么意思？
区别：can’t do 表示不能做某事；can’t be 表示不可能是……
“could + have + 过去分词”
“could + have + 过去分词”表示过去有能力做某事，但没有做（即，虚拟语气）。 eg：He cannot have been to that town.
Can he have got the book?
一般疑问句的回答
肯定回答：yes，you can.
否定回答：no, you can’t.
习惯用法
Cannot……/ enough表示“无论……都不为过”，“越……越好”
Eg：we can’t thank you too much for what you have done for us.对于你为我们所做的一切，我们怎么感激都不过分。
Can’t help doing禁不住；can’t help (to) do sth. 不能帮助做某事
Eg：when I try to speak, I can’t help making mistakes.
Can’t help but do不得不，只好
eg: I can’t help but admire your courage.
Can’t help it 无计可施；忍不住
Eg: I couldn’t help it if the bus was late.
As……as + 主语 + can/ could = as……as possible 尽可能……
Eg: please come here as early as you can.
Cannot 和 couldn’t与比较级连用表最高级的意思
Eg： she couldn’t have chosen a better gift for me.
Must的用法
本意
Must 的肯定句表示“必须，应该”，有做某一动作的义务或者必要
Eg：you must buy a ticket if you want catch a bus.
特殊用法
Mustn’t do 表示“禁止做某事”
Eg: children mustn’t play with fire.
表可能性和表推测
“must be + 表语”的结构表示推测，并且表示100%的肯定推测,意为“一定，准是”；它的否定或疑问式用can代替must。
This must be your pen.
区别：mustn’t do 和mustn’t be
“must + have + 过去分词”
“must + have + 过去分词”的结构常用在肯定句中，表示对过去发生的行为的推测。它的否定或疑问式用can代替must。
eg: He must have been to Shanghai.
一般疑问句的回答
回答must引出的问句时，如果是否定的回答，不能用mustn't，而要用needn't或don't have to。
— Must we hand in our exercise books today?
— Yes, you must.
— No, you don’t have to. / no, you don’t have to.
Must 与have to
have to的含义与must相似，两者往往可以互换使用，但have to有各种形式，随have的变化而定。must与have to有下列几点不同：
① must表示的是说话人的主观看法，而have to则往往强调客观需要。如：
The play is not interesting. I really must go now.
I had to work when I was your age.
② must一般只表现在，have则有更多的时态形式。
③二者的否定意义不大相同。如：
You mustn't go. 你可不要去。
You don't have to go. 你不必去。
④询问对方的意愿时应用must。如：
Must I clean all the room?
思考：have to 的否定和疑问？
Need的用法
本意
作为情态动词的need具有情态动词的一般性质，只要need后面跟的是动词原形，它就是情态动词。这时，变否定，只需在其后加not；变为疑问句，只需把它移主语的前面。Eg:
Need I type this letter again? 我需要重新录入将这封信吗？
There is enough time. You needn’t hurry. 有的是时间，你不必着急。
The president wondered whether he need send more soldiers. 总统不知道他是否要增兵。 ---Must I hand in my homework now? 现在我必须交作业吗？
---No, you needn’t. 不，你不必。
特殊用法
实意动词
作为实义动词，need后面的宾语可以是名词、动名词、动词不定式或代词，这种情况下，need既可用于肯定句，也可用于否定句和疑问句，构成否定句和疑问句时要借助于助动词do或者does
need sth.（表示“需要”或“必须”）其后的宾语可以是名词，也可以是代词。
eg: We need a great deal of money now. They don’t it any more. Does your father need any help? Sthneed (s) doing 与sthneed(s) to be done
need后面可跟动名词作宾语，这种情况下应注意两点：
①.主动形式的动名词doing具有被动的含义；
②.该动名词可以改为其动词不定式的被动形式而句子的意义不变。
Eg:
The door needs painting. = The door needs to be painted. 。
Your car needs mending.= Your car needs to be repaired.
need to do sth.
作为实义动词，need后面需要接带to的动词不定式,表示有义务或责任去做某事。 Eg：
What do we need to take for the picnic? 野餐我们需要带些什么？
Will we need to show our passports? 我们需要出示护照吗？
You need to take good care of your mother. 你要好好照料你妈妈。
名词
need作为名词，含义为“缺乏，需要”；其复数表示“基本需要”。
两个词组：
in (great) need of（急需）与meet the needs of(满足……的需要)。
Eg：
There’s no need for you to try again. 你不必再尝试了。
The factory is in great need of funds. 那家工厂急需资金。
This house of the 1790’s can even meet the needs of the 21st century. 这栋18世纪90年代的房子甚至能够满足21世纪的需要。
一个句型：
there is a / no need for sb to do sth.
一般疑问句的回答
Eg：
Need we find more people to solve the problem?
— yes, you must.
— No, you needn’t. / no, you don’t have to.
May和might的用法
本意
表示请求、允许时，might比may的语气更委婉一些，否定回答时要用mustn't表示“不可以”、“禁止”、“阻止”之意。如：
You may drive the car.
— Might I use your pen?
— No, you mustn't.
note:用May I ... 征询对方许可在文体上比较正式，在口气上比较客气。在日常口语中，用Can I ... 征询对方意见在现代口语中更为常见。
特殊用法
Maybe / may be Maybe: = perhaps adv在句中作状语eg：Maybe they are still asleep.
a
篇二：高中情态动词总结
语法：情态动词
一、can, may, must
根据意思与习惯用法，我们可以把can, may, must 分成以下两组用法，方便学习与掌握。
1．第一组用法见下表（主要在初中的时候我们所掌握的）：
词义肯定否定疑问过去式
can 能、会can can’t Can...? could
may 可以may mustn’t/may not May...? might
must 必须must needn’t Must...? must/have to
A) can
a) can 的肯定、否定、疑问及过去式的例句：
eg. Computers can do a lot of things for us.
Money cannot buy everything.
Can you speak French?
I could run very fast when I was young.
b) can 与be able to
can 与be able to 的意思相近，经常可以互换使用。
但在用过去式的时候，could 与was able to 的意思不同。
试比较： 侧重经过努力而成功做到谋事) 表示能力)
c) could 在疑问句时用意表示请求，意义同can，是一种比较客气的表达方式。
B) may
a) may 的肯定、否定、疑问及过去式的例句：
eg. You may choose anyone here you like.
—May I leave now? —Yes, of course/Sure. Go ahead.
—No, you mustn’t. （注：口语中也能用cannot。）
I was told that the boss might come to the office before 9.
b)mustn’t 与may not
You mustn’t leave the bike here.(禁止)
The sign on the wall reads, ―Visitorsfeed the animals in the zoo.‖
c) may 可放在句首，表示“祝愿”。May you succeed!
d) might 有时用在疑问句中，只是一种比may 更客气一点，而非过去式。
C) must
a) must 的肯定、否定、疑问及过去式的例句：
eg. Everyone must obey the rules.
—Must I finish the work today? —Yes, you must.
—No, you needn’t/don’t have to.
He told me he must/had to see a doctor tomorrow morning.
b) must 与have to
2．第二组用法见下表：(表示推测)
词义肯定否定疑问过去式进行式
can 可能/一定/ cannot Can...? can’t have done can’t be doing
may 可能may may not / may have done may be doing
must 一定must / / must have done must be doing
a) can, may, must 的第二种用法，是用来表示说话人的一种推测。
现在时举例：
—Can Tom be in the classroom?
—Yes, he must be there.
或—Yes, he may be there, but I’m not quite sure.
或—No, he can’t be there, because he hasn’t come to school today.
过去时举例：(表示对过去的推测用情态动词+完成式)
I must have been asleep. I didn’t hear your footsteps.
David became angry at the meeting. He may have misunderstood what I meant.
James can’t have forgotten the examination yesterday. There must have been something wrong with him, I believe.
b)表示可能性的否定句中有时也可用may，但意思与cannot 有所不同。
eg. – Can he know the secret? – I am not sure. He may not know it yet.
或：– No, he cannot know it.
c) 用might 和could 表示可能性
eg. —Could it be Susan at the door? —Yes, it might be her.（现在口语中也可用could be 回答） *d) could have done 也可以用在肯定句里。
eg. It was dangerous to do so. You could have killed yourself!
二、shall, will, would
1．用在一般疑问句中，表示征求对方的意见。
2．shall 与第二、第三人称连用，用在肯定、否定句中，表示“命令”、“允诺”、“警告”、“威胁”，及说话人的意愿和决心。
If you dare to do that, you shall be punished.
These rules shall be obeyed.
3．will 在陈述句中可用于任何人称，表示“意愿、意志、决心”等。有时也可用在条件句中。
4．will 和would 可以表示习惯性反复发生的动作，或在某一条件下，一定会发生的动作。这时，
will 一般指“现在”，would 一般指“过去”。
三、should/ought to
1．可以表示一种必要性、义务，解为“应当、应该”。可以与任何人称连用，并用在肯定、否
定、疑问句中。但疑问句时用should 更多一些。
2．可以表示一种推测，解为“应该是”。用于任何人称的肯定、否定、疑问句。它还有进行和完成两种形式：should/ought to be doing（对现在正在进行的动作的推测）和should/ought to have done（表示与过去的事实相反，“本来应该”的意思）。
3．should 有时可以表示说话人惊讶的感觉，解为“竟然”。
You can’t imagine that well-behaved gentleman should be so rude to a lady.
四、need 和dare
need 和dare 两词，都既可作为情态动词，又可作为实意动词，所以复习的重点是分清在句 子中它们分别是哪种动词。
1．need 解为“需要、必须”。
A) 作为情态动词时，多用于疑问句和否定句。
B) 作为实意动词，可用于各种句型，是及物动词，可以跟名词做宾语。
C) needn’t have done (本来不必做)
You needn’t have mentioned it to him, because he had been told everything before.
你本来不必跟他提这件事的，之前已经有人把一切都讲给他听了。
2．dare 解为“敢”。
A) 作为情态动词时，多用于疑问句和否定句。
但是dare 的固定词组“I dare say...”，用在肯定句中。
注意：dare 作为情态动词时，它的过去式是dared。
B)作为实意动词，dare 可以用在各种句型里。
但是注意在否定句里，有时后面的不定式的to 可以省略。
推测 肯定性 可能性 由强到弱
must / ought to / should / /may / might /can 理论上的可能/ must 用于表示"必定"，"必会"： All mankind must die. (表示必然会发生的事)
ought to / should用于表示"想必会"(语气较must 弱)：
They should / ought to be there by now.
may 和 might 用于表示"事实上的可能性"或"预测"：
It may snow later this afternoon. (表示预测)
You might be right. (表示有可能)
can理论上的可能
Anybody can make mistakes. (只表示理论上的可能性)
情态动词的用法：表示“意图”、“打算” “意愿” “决心‖
(will, would* shall, should*)
二.情态动词+ have+过去分词的用法
对过去或完成的猜测must / may /might / could / can’t / couldn’t have done
虚拟语气could have done 本来可以；有可能
needn’t have done 本没必要做某事
should / ought to have done 本应该做某事
shouldn’t / oughtn’t to have done本不应该做某事
练习
1. It has been announced that candidates ____ remain in their seats until all the papers have been collected.
A. can B. will C. may D. shall
2. You don’t ____ to go there if you have no time.
A. need B. want C. must D. ought
3. ―May I stop here?‖ ―No, you ____.‖
A. mustn’t B. might not C. needn’t D. won’t
4. I didn’t see her in the meeting room this morning. She ____ have spoken at the meeting.
A. mustn’t B. shouldn’t C. needn’t D. couldn’t
5. It was so cold outside that the child ____.
A. didn’t dare to go out play B. dared not to go out to play
C. dare not go out to play D. dared not go out to play
6. You ____ out without an overcoat. No wonder you caught cold.
A. shouldn’t have gone B. mustn’t have gone C. couldn’t have gone D. oughtn’t to go
7. Tomorrow is your birthday. I promise you that you ____ have a most beautiful present.
A. might B. will C. could D. shall
8. ―Phone me when you get home.‖ ―____.‖
A. I must B. I should C. I will C. I can
9. The boss ____ the worker how to do it properly, or the accident couldn’t have happened.
A. can’t have told B. ought to tell C. couldn’t tell D. mustn’t have told
10. ―Has Maria come yet?‖ ―No. She ____ an hour ago, in fact.‖
A. should come B. must have come C. ought to have come D. would come
11. ―You know that you were driving at 100 km an hour, don’t you?‖
―No, officer, it ____. This car can’t do more than 80.‖
A. may not have been B. couldn’t have been C. mustn’t have been D. shouldn’t have been
12. If you don’t like to climb the hill with us this afternoon, you ____ as well stay in the hotel, watching TV.
A. should B. may C. can D. would
13. The careless man received a ticket for speeding. He ____ have driven so fast.
A. can’t B. wouldn’t C. mustn’t D. shouldn’t
14. I’ll call for the police if he ____ again.
A. dares gamble B. dared gamble C. dare to gamble D. dares to gamble
15. You ____ again, but since you are here, I will let you have another try.
A. needn’t come B. don’t need to come C. needn’t have come D. didn’t need to come
高考体验:
1.You can’t imagine that a well-behaved gentleman ____ be so rude to a lady.
A. might B. need C. should D. would
2.Mr. Bush is on time for everything. How ____ it be that he was late for the opening ceremony?
A. can B. should C. may D. must
3.Oh, I’m not feeling well in the stomach. I ____ so much fried chicken just now.
A. shouldn’t eat B. mustn’t have eaten
C. shouldn’t have eaten D. mustn’t eat
4.Children under 12 years of age in that country ____ be under adult supervision when in a public library.
A. must B. may C. can D. need
5.According to the local regulations, anyone who intends to get a driver’s licence ____ take an eye test.
A. can B. must C. would D. may
6.Black holes ____ not be seen directly, so determining the number of them is a tough task.
A. can B. should C. must D. need
7.You know he is not going to let us leave early if we ____ get the work done.
A. can’t B. may not C. shouldn’t D. mustn’t
8.The boss has given everyone a special holiday, so we ____ go to work tomorrow.
A. can’t B. mustn’t C. needn’t D. shouldn’t
9.When I was young, I was told that I ____ play with matches.
A. wouldn’t B. needn’t C. mustn’t D. daren’t
10.According to the air traffic rules, you ____ switch off your mobile phone before boarding.
A. may B. can C. would D. should
篇三：高中情态动词
沙场点兵
1.----Did you visit the famous museum?
----No. We___ it, but we spent too much time shopping.
A. could have visited B. must have visited
C. can’t have visitedD. shouldn’t have visited
2.The doctor said, ”Sir, you __ be sitting in this waiting room. It’s for the children only.”
A. oughtn’t toB. can’t C. mustn’t D. won’t
3.---When can I come for the photos? I need them tomorrow afternoon. ----They ___be ready by 12:00.
A. canB. should C. mightD. need
4.You___to the meeting this afternoon if you have something important to do.
A. needn’t to comeB. don’t need come
C. don’t need comingD. needn’t come
5.Put on more clothes. You___ be feeling cold with only a shirt on.
A. can B. couldC. would D. must
6.I thought you ___ like something to read, so I have brought you some books.
A. mayB. might C. could D. must
7.There was plenty of time. She ___.
A. mustn’t have hurried B. couldn’t have hurried
C. must not hurryD. needn’t have hurried
8. Professor Li ,many students want to see you .___ they wait here or outside?
A. Do B. WillC. ShallD. Are
9.You___read that book if you don’t want to.
A. haven’tB. can’t C. mustn’t D. needn’t
10.Oh, I’m not feeling well in the stomach, I___ so much fried chicken just now.
A. shouldn’t eatB. mustn’t have eat
C. shouldn’t have eatenD. mustn’t eat
11.You can’t imagine that a well-behaved gentleman ___ be so rude to a lady.
A.mightB.need C.should D.w ould
12.Johnny,you___play with the knife;you___hurt yourself.
A.won’t;can’t B.can’t;shouldn’t C.shouldn’t;must D.mustn’t ;may
13.The plant is dead.I__more water.
A.will give B.would have given C.must give D.should have given
14.You___return the book now;you can keep it till next week if you like.
A.can’t B.mustn’t C.needn’t D.may not
15.Tom ought not to___me your secret,but he meant no harm.
A.have told B.telll C.be telling D.having told
16.He did not pass the examination.As a good student,he___.
A.mustn’t have failed B.may not have failed
C.needn’t have failedD.shouldn’t have failed
17.___it be true that Albert passed the test in geography?
A.May B.Should C.Could D.Would
18.You___lead a horse to the water but you____not make it drink.
A.will;can B.may;can C.may;dare D.dare;can
19.He___you more help,even though he was very busy.
A.might have given B.might giveC.may have givenD.may give
20.He___at the meeting this morning.He was in hospital at the time.
A.couldn’t have spoken B.mustn’t have spoken
C.shouldn’t have spoken D.needn’t have spoken
21.he must be in the classroom,___he?
A.mustn’t B.can’t C.isn’t D.can
22.----You were driving at 100 kms an hour,sir.
----But officer,I___.My car can’t go more than 80.
A.may not have been B.couldn’t have been
C.wouldn’t have beenD.needn’t have been
23.Mr Bush is on time for everything.How____it be that he was late for the opening ceremony?
A.can B.should C.may D.must
24.There was a lot of fun at yesterday’s party.You___come,but why didn’t you?
A.must have B.should C.need have D.ought to have
25.The reason why they___leave wasn’t explained to us.
A.had B.had to C.mustD.might
26.I searched for my wallet and it wasn’t there.I thought I___it at home.
A.left B.have leftC.might have leftD.could have left
27.I____asleep because it took me a long time to realize that the telephone was ringing.
A.could have fallenB.should have fallen
C.must have fallenD.mustn’t have fallen
28.The only thing that really matters to the children is how soon they___return to their school.
A.canB .must C.have to D.ought to
29.I thought it over,but___come to no conclusion.
A.can B.couldC.should D.would
30.What we___get seems better than what we have.
A.can B.could C.can’t D.couldn’t
31.---My goodness!I have just missed the train.
----That’s too bad.I am sure you___it,if you had hurried.
A.could have caughtB.had caught C.would catch D.could catch
32.Look!What you’ve done!You___more careful.
A.may beB.had to C.should have beenD.would be
33.----___I help you with some shoes,madam?
----Yes,I would like to try on those brown ones.
A.Will B.Should C.May D.Must
34.It’s nearly seven o’clock.Jack____be here at any moment.
A.must B.need C.can D.should
35.Everyone is here.___we start the meeting?
A.Can B.Must C.Should D.Shall
36.I parked my car right here but now it’s gone.It___.
A.must be stolenB.may be stolen
C.must have stolen D.must have been stolen
37.He___the work yesterday,but he didn’t.
A.must have finished B.need have finished
C.finished D.should have finished
38.----Must we finish the composition in class?
-----No,you___.
A.needn’t B.mustn’t C.won’t D.shouldn’t
39.Her eyes were red.She___.
A.must cryB.must be criedC.must have been crying D.may cry
40.Mary___his letter,otherwise she would have replied before now.
A.has receivedB.must receive
C.couldn’t have received D.shouldn’t have received
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