篇一：高中英语句子结构、成分分析_直接打印版
句子成分(Members of a Sentence) There be 结构： There be 表示?存在有?。这里的there没有实际意义，不可与副词
什么叫句子成分呢？句子的组成成分叫句子成分。在句子中，词与词之间有?there那里?混淆。此结构后跟名词，表示?（存在）有某事物? 试比较：There is a 一定的组合关系，按照不同的关系，可以把句子分为不同的组成成分。句子成分boy there.（那儿有一个男孩。）/前一个there无实意，后一个there为副词?那里?。 由词或词组充当。现代汉语里一般的句子成分有六种，即主语、谓语、宾语、定基本句型 三： Ｓ Ｖ Ｏ （主＋谓＋宾） 语、状语和补语。英语的基本成分有七种：主语（subject）、谓语（predicate）、表此句型句子的共同特点是：谓语动词都具有实义，都是主语产生的动作，但语（predicative）、宾语（object）、定语（attribute状语(adverbial) 和补语（complement）。 不能表达完整的意思，必须跟有一个宾语，即动作的承受者，才能使意思完整。
英语句子的基本结构可以归纳成五种基本句型及其扩大、组合、省略或倒装。这类动词叫做及物动词。宾语位于及物动词之后，一般同主语构成一样，不同的掌握这五种基本句型，是掌握各种英语句子结构的基础。 是构成宾语的代词必须是?代词宾格?，如：me，him，them等 Ｓ│Ｖ及物动词│Ｏ
1. Who │knows │the answer?2. She │smiled │her thanks. 英语五种基本句型列式如下：
3. He │has refused │to help them.4. He │enjoys │reading. 一.ＳＶ（主＋谓）二：ＳＶＰ（主＋系＋表）三：ＳＶＯ（主＋谓＋宾）
5. They │ate │what was left over.6. He │said │"Good morning." 四：ＳＶｏＯ（主＋谓＋间宾＋直宾）五：ＳＶＯＣ（主＋谓＋宾＋宾补）
7. I │want │to have a cup of tea. 8. He │admits │that he was mistaken. 基本句型 一：Ｓ Ｖ （主＋谓）
主语：可以作主语的成分有名词，主格代词（如you），动词不定式，动名词等。基本句型 四： Ｓ Ｖ ｏ Ｏ （主＋谓＋间宾＋直宾） 主语一般在句首。注意名词单数形式常和冠词不分家！有些及物动词可以有两个宾语，如：give给，pass递，bring带，show显示。这两谓语：谓语由动词构成，是英语时态、语态变化的主角，一般在主语之后。不及个宾语通常人为间接宾语；物为直接宾语。间接宾语一般位于直接宾语之前。一物动词（vi.）没有宾语，形成主谓结构，如：We come.般的顺序为：动词 + 间接宾语 + 直接宾语。如：Give me a cup of tea,please. 此句型的句子有一个共同点，即句子的谓语动词都能表达完整的意思。这类动词强调间接宾语顺序为：动词 + 直接宾语 +介词+ 间接宾语。如： 叫做不及物动词，后面可以跟副词、介词短语、状语从句等。Ｓ│Ｖ 不及物动词） Show this house to Mr.Smith. 若直接宾语为人称代词：动词+ 代词直接宾语 +介1. The sun │was shining. 2. The moon │rose. 3. The universe │remains.词 + 间接宾语。如：Bring it to me,please. Ｓ│Ｖ及物│ｏ多指人）│Ｏ（多指物） 4. We all │breathe, eat, and drink. 5. Who │cares? 6. What he said │does not matter. 1. She │ordered │herself │a new dress. 2. He │brought │you │a dictionary. 7. They │talked for half an hour. 8. The pen │writes smoothly 3.She │cooked │her husband │a delicious meal. 4. He │denies │her │nothing.
5. I │showed │him │my pictures.6. I │gave │my car │a wash. 基本句型 二： Ｓ Ｖ Ｐ （主＋系＋表）
此句型的句子有一个共同的特点：句子谓语动词都不能表达一个完整的意思，7. I │told │him │that the bus was late. 8. He │showed │me │how to run the machine. 必须加上一个表明主语身份或状态的表语构成复合谓语，才能表达完整的意思。基本句型 五： Ｓ Ｖ Ｏ Ｃ （主＋谓＋宾＋宾补） 这类动词叫做连系动词。系动词分两类：be, look, keep, seem等属一类，表示情况；此句型的句子的共同特点是：动词虽然是及物动词，但是只跟一个宾语还不get, grow, become, turn等属另一类，表示变化。be 本身没有什么意义,只起连系主能表达完整的意思，必须加上一个补充成分来补足宾语，才能使意思完整。 语和表语的作用。其它系动词仍保持其部分词义。感官动词多可用作联系动词：look 宾语补足语：位于宾语之后对宾语作出说明的成分。宾语与其补足语有逻辑well/面色好,sound nice/听起来不错,feel good/感觉好，smell bad/难闻上的主谓关系，它们一起构成复合宾语。 Ｓ │Ｖ（是系动词）│ Ｐ His face │turned │red. 名词/代词宾格 + 名词The war made him a soldier. 1. This │is │an English-Chinese dictionary. 2. The dinner │smells │good./代词宾格名词 + 形容词New methods make the job easy.3. He │fell │in love.4. Everything │looks │different.5.He│is growing │tall and strong.名词/代词宾格 + 介词短语I often find him at work. 6. The trouble│is │that they are short of money.7. Our well │has gone │dry. 名词 / 代词宾格 + 动词不定式The teacher ask the students to close the windows.
名词/代词宾格 + 分词 I saw a cat running across the road. Ｓ │Ｖ（及物）│ Ｏ（宾语） │ Ｃ（宾补）
1. They │appointed │him │manager. 2. They │painted │the door │green. 3. This │set │them │thinking. 4. They │found │the house │deserted. 5. What │makes │him │think so? 6. We │saw │him │out.
7. He │asked │me │to come back soon. 8. I │saw │them │getting on the bus.
但常用的英语句子并不都象基本句型这样简短，这些句子除了基本句型的成分不变外，通常是在这些成分的前面或后面增加一些修饰语（modifier）而加以扩大。这些修饰语可以是单词（主要是形容词、副词和数词），也可以是各种类型的短语（主要是介词短语、不定式短语和分词短语）。我们称之为：定语、状语
名词、动名词、动词不定式、分词等充当。如The ones who really want it are ourselves.
They are brother and sister. What I want to say is this. Her father is sixty-five.John is captain of the team.The poor boy was myself.
All you need do is to take a taxi from the airport.My favourite sport is swimming. 常用作连系动词：① 变成,变得：become, come, fall, get, go, grow, run, turn
口诀：好是come，坏是go;天气、外貌慢慢grow; 流水、金钱缓缓run;颜色、天气大不同turn；Get\ become口语化，如果要说就用它.
Come 一般表示事物由坏变好，结果是好的。如：Dreams come true.
Go一般表示事物由好变坏。It's such a hot day today that this dish has gone smelly.Grow 表示逐渐变化，强调的是缓慢变化的过程，后面往往接表示天气或外貌变化的静态形容词。如：I want to grow old with you. 英语句子(sentence)=主语+谓语（核心：主动词）英语句子成分歌
Run其主语多为能流动能消耗的东西Still water runs deep.静水深流。 英语句子八呀八大块，主谓宾表真呀真实在；补语跟着宾语表语跑， 与grow对应。
Turn多接表示颜色和天气的形容词，侧重于表达与之前大不相同。 定语同位（语）专把名词踹。状语的位置它自由自在，忽右忽左随心所欲摆。浑
The weather suddenly turned hot. In spring the trees turn green, the flowers come out. 身的毛病真呀真不少，前后乱窜它还会加塞。（RAP）
Get\become在口语表达时用得比较多，但这二者相比，become相对正式些，其主
一、主语 句子一般要有主语。
语既可以是人也可以是物。如：He got angry on hearing the news.听到这个消息，他
在简单句中，主语一般由名词、代词、动名词或动词不定式(短语) 来充当。动名
变得很生气。总之，不管英语多么“变”化多端，万“变”不离其宗。
词、动词不定式作主语时通常用 it 作形式主语。
系词be它有三，am is are ，我（I）用am，you（你）用are，is 用于他她它；单
■名词作主语English is very important. The students all love their English teacher.
数is，复数are，认真做题不出差。（否句be后not加，疑问句，be句首，句尾？
■代词They go to school by bus. Most of the students come from the countryside.
不要丢。）② 保持某种状态：Continue, keep, lie, remain, stand, stay.
■动名词作主语Watching TV too much is bad for your eyes. It?s no use regretting it.
③ 看起来，好像：Appear, look, seem.④ 感官动词：Feel, smell, sound, taste.
■动词不定式(短语)作主语To see is to believe. It is very hard to get to sleep.
四、宾语
二、谓语 谓语必须由动词充当，但动词不定式、动名词、分词为非谓语动词
宾语是行为动作的对象，一般可分为动词宾语和介词宾语，充当宾语的可以是名
不能作谓语。可作谓语的动词一般为行为动词(表动作)和连系动词(表状态)，行为
词、代词、动名词、动词不定式或整个句子。如：
动词根据其后是否可直接接宾语，又可分为及物动词和不及物动词。
I like Chinese food. I bought a ticket for Milan. I enjoyed talking to you.
■及物动词作谓语We should help each other. They respect one another.
Have you finished dressing? He certainly did not want to join them.
All of the students like the novel.Did you see many people there?
They decided to close the border.We hoped that all would come well.
■不及物动词作谓语He left here yesterday. The teacher came in, book in hand.
We expected that you would stay for a few days.
You?re driving too fast.He went abroad in the September of 1988.
“七给”一“带”to不少,“买”画“制作”for来了。
■连系动词表状态He is an excellent teacher. Her son is a friend of ours.
带双宾语的及物动词,如果把直接宾语置于间接宾语之前,必须在变换时“to”或
三、表语
“for”。这11个及物动词可以概括为下边两句话,读起来妙趣横生,效果很好
表语与连系动词连用，构成系表结构，说明主语的身份或特征，一般由形容词、
1、“七给”(give, pass, lend, write, show, send, hand)和“带”(bring)8个及物动词,在
直接宾语前置时,必须在后面加上“to”。即“vt. + sth. + to + sb.” 如:He lent some money to me.类似动词的还有get,mail,offer,owe(借），pay,promise,read,sell,take,teach 2、“buy”(买);“draw”(画);“make”(制作)三个动词,在直接宾语前置时,则必须在后边加“for”,构成“vt. + sth. + for + sb.”。Mother bought a new dress for me。类似的动词还有：build，choose, cook, cut, do, find, fix,leave,order(订购）,reach等。 3、当直接宾语是代词时，间接宾语for和to于直接宾语之后 Richard made it for him。Give it to me。
4有些动词后可单独用直接宾语、间接宾语或双宾语如ask,teach,tell,owe, pay.I asked John. I asked a question. I asked John a question.
5、 suggest,explain,introduce,mention,deliver,announce等动词后必须跟介词to,不能进行直接宾语与间接宾语的转换。Could you explain your point of view to us? =Could you explain to us your point of view?
6、 易错的动词：抢劫/偷某人某物：Rob/steal sb. sth (错误）
正确的说法：rob sb of sthsteal sb from sth.类似的cure sb of illness 治愈某人疾病 rid sb of sth 从----中除去（不好的东西 supply sb with sth 供给某人某物 provide sb with sth 给某人提供某物 accuse sb of sth 控告某人某事 cheat sb of sth 骗取某人某物 inform / advise sb of sth 通知某人某事 remind sb of sth 是某人想起某事 warn sb of sth 警告某人某情况 charge sb with sth 指责某人某事 五、定语
一、 定语：定语是对名词或代词起修饰、限定作用的词、短语或句子，汉语中常用?……的?表示。定语通常位于被修饰的成分前。若修饰some,any,every,no构成的复合不定代词时，（如：something、nothing）；或不定式、分词短语作定语、从句作定语时，则定语通常置后。副词用作定语时须放在名词之后。
His father is a doctor.Mr. Green has two sons.The girl under the tree is Kate. The man downstairs couldn?t sleep well. I bought a new dictionary.
Can you find out the answer to the question？ Would you like something to drink?A barking dog seldom bites. 吠狗很少咬人。A man going to die is always kind-hearted. 人之将死，其言也善。The suggestion sent to the committee was adopted. Do you know the man who is standing next to Mr. Green?
形容词作定语：Tom is a handsome boy. There is a good boy.
The little boy needs a blue pen.(little修饰名词boy；blue修饰名词pen.）/
数词作定语相当于形容词：There are two boys in the room. Two boys need two pens.The two boys are students.
代词或名词所有格作定语：His boy needs Tom\'s penHis name is Tom. There are two boys of Toms there.
介词短语作定语：There are two boys of 9,and three of 10.
The boy in the classroom needs a pen of yours.The boy in blue is Tom.
名词作定语：The boy needs a ball pen. It is a ball pen. There is only one ball pen 副词作定语：The boy there needs a pen.The best boy here is Tom. 不定式作定语：The boy to write this letter needs a pen.。
The boy to write this letter is Tom. There is nothing to do today.
分词（短语）作定语：The smiling boy needs a pen bought by his mother. The pen bought by her is made in China. There are five boys left.。
定语从句：The boy you will know is Tom. There are five boys who will play the game. The boy who is reading needs the pen which you bought yesterday. 六、状语：
状语在句子中的位置很灵活，常见情况为：通常在句子基本结构之后，强调时放在句首；修饰形容词或副词时，通常位于被修饰的词之前；表示时间、地点、目的的状语一般位于句子两头，强调时放在句首，地点状语一般须在时间状语之前；一些表示不确定时间（如：often）或程度（如：almost）的副词状语通常位于be动词、助动词、情态动词之后，动词之前。有时状语在句中的某个位置会引起歧义应注意，如The boy calls the girl in the classroom.一般理解成?男孩喊教室里的女孩（?此时in the classroom为girl的定语），也可以理解为?男孩在教室里喊女孩（?此时in the classroom为地点状语），最好写作?In the classroom,the boy calls the girl.' 副词（短语）作状语：The boy needs a pen very much.（程度状语） The boy really needs a pen.（程度状语）
The boy needs a pen now./Now,the boy needs a pen./The boy,now,needs a pen.（时状）介词短语作状语：In the classroom,the boy needs a pen.（地点状语） Before his mother,Tom is always a boy.(条状)
分词（短语）作状语：He sits there,asking for a pen（表示伴随状态） Having to finish his homework,the boy needs a pen.（原因状语） Frightened,he sits there soundlessly./（（原因状语）
不定式作状语：The boy needs a pen to do his homework.（目的状语）
To make his dream come true,Tom becomes very interested in business. 名词作状语：Come this way!/走这条路！（方向状语）
英语中的状语用来修饰动词、形容词或副词，主要由副词、介词短语、动词不定式、分词充当，或由连词引导状语从句，表示时间、地点、程度、目的、方式，比较、让步、条件、原因、结果、伴随等。
(1) 时间状语I often get up at 5:30 in the morning.
Hearing the news, they felt very excited.Go along this street until you reach the end. (2) 地点状语 Pandas only live in China. You should put the book where it was. (3) 程度状语I have quite a lot of work to do.
(4) 目的状语We?ll go to the beach for a picnic this Sunday. He took some change from his pocket to buy a newspaper. She got up early so that she could catch the first bus.
(5) 方式状语We usually go to school on foot. Please do it as I told you. (6) 让步状语Though she has a lot of money, she is unhappy. No matter what happens, I will never lose heart.
(7) 条件状语If you don?t work hard, you?ll fall behind the others. Given more attention, the flowers would have grown better.
(8) 比较状语Your watch is not the same as mine. Mike is not as (so) tall as Jack. (9) 原因状语We didn?t go to the park because of the bad weather. I?m glad to meet you. Being ill, he didn?t go to school. (10) 结果状语He left early, so that he caught the train. The wind was so strong that we could hardly move forward.
(11) 伴随状语The doctor hurried off, with a medicine box under his arm. The teacher came into the classroom, followed by a group of his students. 七、宾语补足语
宾语补足语主要用来补充说明宾语，与宾语之间存在逻辑上的主谓关系或动宾关系，可由名词、形容词、动词不定式、分词等充当。如：
Tom found the climb quite easy.Don?t be so formal. Call me Jim. I?m finished. Let?s go now. You must keep it clean.
I have the car waiting.We had the machine repaired. Why don?t you have your hair cut? He had his finger cut.
I had my watch stolen yesterday. I have a lot of work to do.
She has plenty of clothes to wear. He made me repeat the story. Rain makes plants grow. 注意：后跟名词作宾语补足语的动词有 call, name, think, make, choose 等，后跟形容词作宾语补足语的谓语动词有 keep, find, get, think, make 等。动词不定式作宾语补足语时，当谓语动词为感官动词(如 feel, see, hear, notice, watch, observe, listen to, look at 等)，使役动词(如 let, have, make 等)，动词不定式不带 to。 八、同位语：同位语是在名词或代词之后并列名词或代词对前者加以说明的成分，近乎于后置定语。如：We students should study hard. / (students是we的同位语，都是指同一批?学生?）We all are students. / (all是we的同位语，都指同样的?我们?）九、独立成分：有时句子中会有一些与句子没有语法联系的成分，称为句子独立成分(注意：区别于分词独立结构)。感叹词：oh,hello,aha,ah,等肯定词yes否定词no称呼语：称呼人的用语。插入语：一些句中插入的 I think , I believe,等。
如: The story,I think,has never come to the end.情态词,表示说话人的语气（多作为修饰全句的状语）:perhaps也许,maybe大概,actually实际上,certainly当然，等。 十、分词独立结构：分词作状语时其逻辑主语与句子的主语一致! 否则应有自己的逻辑主语，构成分词独立结构。
例：错句：Studying hard,your score will go up.正确：(1) Studying hard,you can make your score go up.或 (2)If you study hard,your score will go up.
解析：错句中分词studying没有自带逻辑主语，则其逻辑主语就是句子的主语，既your score . 显然做study的应是人，不应是your score（分数）. 正确句(1)更正了句子的主语,使其与分词逻辑主语一致( 同为you );正确句(2)则使用条件分句带出study的主语,(不过已经不是分词结构了). 分词独立结构常省略being,having been.不过?There being...?的场合不能省略.如：
Game (being) over,he went home. He stands there,book (being) in hand. 独立结构还可用with、without引导，作状语或定语。这种结构不但可以用分词，还可以用不定式、形容词、介词短语、副词或名词等。如：
With nothing to do,he fell asleep soon. The teacher came in,with glasses on his nose. 句子成分练习题( 一 )
(一). 指出下列句中主语的中心词（4分， 4分钟）
① The teacher with two of his students is walking into the classroom. ② There is an old man coming here.
③ The useful dictionary was given by my mother last year.
④ To do today's homework without the teacher's help is very difficult.
(二) 选出句中谓语的中心词（10分， 10分钟）
① I don't like the picture on the wall. A. don't B. like C. Picture D. wall ② The days get longer and longer when summer comes. A. get B. longer C. daysD. summer
③ Do you usually go to school by bus? A. Do B. usually C.go D. bus ④ There will be a meeting at the library this afternoon.
A. will be B. meeting C. the library D. afternoon
⑤ Did the twins have porridge for their breakfast?A.Did B. twins C. have D. breakfast ⑥ Tom didn't do his homework yesterday.A. Tom B. didn't C. do D. his homework ⑦ What I want to tell you is this.A. wantB. to tellC. youD. is ⑧ We had better send for a doctor. A. We B. had C. send D. doctor ⑨ He is interested in music. A. is B. interested C. inD. music ⑩ Whom did you give my book to? A. give B.did C. whom D. book (三) 挑出下列句中的宾语（10分，10分钟）
① My brother hasn't done his homework.② People all over the world speak English. ③ You must pay good attention to your pronunciation. ④ How many new words did you learn last class?
⑤ Some of the students in the school want to go swimming, how about you? ⑥ The old man sitting at the gate said he was ill. ⑦ They made him monitor of the class.
⑧ Go across the bridge and you will find the museum on the left. ⑨ You will find it useful after you leave school.
⑩ They didn't know who "Father Christmas" really is. (四) 挑出下列句中的表语（5分， 5分钟）
① The old man was feeling very tired. ② Why is he worried about Jim?
③ The leaves have turned yellow.④ Soon They all became interested in the subject. ⑤ She was the first to learn about it.
(五) 挑出下列句中的定语（6分，6分钟）
① They use Mr, Mrs with the family name.② What is your given name? ③ On the third lap are Class 1 and Class 3.
④ I am afraid some people forgot to sweep the floor. ⑤ The man downstairs was trying to sleep.
⑥ I am waiting for the sound of the other shoe!
(六) 挑出下列句中的宾语补足语（6分， 6分钟）
① She likes the children to read newspapers and books in the reading-room. ② He asked her to take the boy out of school.④ They call me Lily sometimes. ③ She found it difficult to do the work. ⑤ I saw Mr Wang get on the bus. ⑥ Did you see Li Ming playing football on the playground just now? (七) 挑出下列句中的状语（8分， 8分钟）
① There was a big smile on her face.② Every night he heard the noise upstairs. ③ He began to learn English when he was eleven. ④ The man on the motorbike was travelling too fast.
⑤ With the medicine box under her arm, Miss Li hurried off. ⑥ She loves the library because she loves books.
⑦ I am afraid that if you've lost it, you must pay for it.
⑧ The students followed Uncle Wang to see the other machine. (八) 划出句中的直接宾语和间接宾语（5分， 5分钟）
① Please tell us a story.② My father bought a new bike for me last week. ③ Mr Li is going to teach us history next term.
④ Here is a pen.Give it to Tom.⑤ Did he leave any message for me? 答案 (一)① teacher ② man ③ dictionary④ To do
(二)① B② A ③ C ④ A ⑤ C ⑥ C ⑦ D ⑧ C⑨ A⑩ A
(三)①homework. ②English. ③attention ④words ⑤to go swimming ⑥ he was ill.⑦ him monitor⑧bridge museum⑨ it school. ⑩ who"Father Christmas"really is.(四)①tired.②worried ③yellow.④interested ⑤the first
(五)① family②given③third ④ some ⑤downstairs⑥ of the other shoe!
(六)①to read newspapers and books ②to take the boy ③ difficult④ Lily⑤ get on the bus ⑥ playing football
(七)① on her face. ②Every night③ when he was eleven.
④ too fast.⑤ With the medicine box under her arm⑥ because she loves books.⑦ if you?ve lost it⑧ to see the other machine.
(八)① us, 间接宾语 a story, 直接宾语② me, 间接宾语 a new bike, 直接宾语 ③ us, 间接宾语 history, 直接宾语
④ Tom, 间接宾语 it, 直接宾语 ⑤ me, 间接宾语 message, 直接宾语
篇二：英语句子组成部分
句子的组成部分,包括主语、谓语、宾语、定语、补语、状语、表语七种
主语是句子叙述的主体，可由名词、代词、数词、名词化的形容词、不定式、动名词和主语从句等来承担。
谓语说明主语所发出的动作或具有的特征和状态。谓语由动词来承担。 宾语是动作的对象或承受者，常位于及物动词或介词后面。宾语可由名词、代词、数词、名词化的形容词、不定式、动名词、宾语从句等来担任。
主语和谓语是英语句子的两大成分，除少数句子（如祈使句和感叹句等）外，一句话必须同时具有主语和谓语所表达的意思才能完整。主语是针对谓语而言的，是一句话的主题，谓语用来说明主语的情况，为主语提供信息。例如：They are working.主语是they(他们)，那麽他们在做什麽呢？看来没有谓语are working 是不行的。在正常情况下，英语的主语和谓语的位置与汉语一致，也就是说主语在前，谓语紧跟其后。那麽，哪些词语可以做主语，谓语，何时主谓倒置，主语与谓语的一致情况如何，我将一一讲述。
一、哪些词可以充当主语
1,名词
2,代词
3,数词
5,IT 作主语，有如下情况：
6. THERE 引起的There be 句型中，be 作谓语，主语位居其后。如： There are many different kinds of mooncakes.
There will be a strong wind.
二、谓语
谓语有动词构成，依据其在句中繁简程度可把谓语分为简单谓语和复合谓语两类。不论何种时态，语态，语气，凡由一个动词（或动词词组）构成的谓语都是简单谓语。例如：
复合谓语也可分为两种情况：
第一种是由情态动词，助动词+不带to的动词不定式构成的复合谓语：第二种是由连系动词+表语构成的复合谓语。例如：
连系动词和表语在意思上紧密联系，不宜分割；有关动词的种类这方面知识在课本中已有介绍，此处不多说了。
三、主语与谓语的一致
英语句子的主语和谓语的一致性，是英汉两种语言的区别之一。具体说来有如下特征：
1， 谓语动词在人称和数上应与主语保持一致。如：
Now the teacher comes into the classroom.
本句属一般现在时，主语the teacher 为第三人称单数，因而谓语动词come 应加s.
One morming she was working at her desk in the library wher a boy came in. 本句属主从复合句，主句用过去进行时，从句为一般过去时；主句中主语she为第三人称单数，所以谓语为 was working.
谓语谓语是用来说明主语做了什么动作或处在什么状态。谓语可以由动词来
担任,一般放在主语的后面。
定语用于描述名词,代词,短语或从句的性质,特征范围等情况的词叫做定语,定语可以由名词,形容词和起名词和形容词作用的词,短语担任。如果定语是单个词,定语放在被修饰词的前面,如果是词组,定语放在被修饰词的后面。
状语:说明事物发生的时间,地点,原因,目的,结果方式,条件或伴随情况,程度等情况的词叫状语。状语可以由副词,短语以及从句来担任。
同位语后。
: 当两个指同一事物的句子成分放在同等位置时，一个句子成分可被用来说明或解释另一个句子成分，前者就叫做后者的同位语（appositive）.这两个句子成分多由名词（代词）担任，同位语通常皆放在其说明的名词（代词）之
篇三：英语句子结构和成分详解
第一章 句子成分和简单句基本句型
一、句子成分
构成篇章的基本单位是句子，组成句子的各个部分叫做句子成分。句子成分都是由单词、短语或从句充
是句子的修饰部分。
二、充当句子成分的各种形式
主语: 主语可以由名词、代词、数词、动词不定式、动名词、从句等来担任。
1.名词
All efforts will be in vain if we can‘t learn English by practicing repeatedly.
如果我们不通过反复练习来学习英语，所有的努力将付之东流。
2.数词
Two thirds of them can play more than one musical instrument.他们中有2/3的人不只能演奏一种乐器。
3.代词
Who knows the answer? 谁知道答案？
4.不定式
To see is to believe.眼见为实
It‘s an honor to make a speech here. 在这里发言我很荣幸。
5.动名词
In my opinion, cloning should be dealt with carefully. 我认为应该慎重对待克隆。
6.名词化的形容词或分词
The old should be respected.老人因该受到尊重。
The disabled will receive more money. 残疾人会收到更多的钱。
7.名词性短语
The teacher with his students is going to visit the museum.老师和同学们要去参观博物馆。
8.主语从句
What he said didn‘t agree with what he did. 他的言行不一。
主语从句常使用it 作形式主语。
It is uncertain whether he can come to Jenny‘s birthday party or not.
It happened that he was out when I got there.当我到那儿时，碰巧他不在。
考查对句中主语的确定
【技巧点拨】
1．对句中主语的考查通常出现在强调句型中，即― It is/ was + 主语（强调部分）+ that+谓语部分‖。注意充当主语的应该是名词、代词、名词性词组或名词性从句。动词原形，介词词组或一个具有完整意义但缺少连词的简单句都是不能充当主语的。
2.句中的主语直接决定了谓语动词的单复数。对主语的确定不能被一些表象所迷惑。尤其要能辨识下面这种现象，即当主语后面跟有as well as, along with, together with, like ,but, except, in addition to 等引导的词组时，其谓语动词的单复数按主语的单复数而定。
It was ____ computer games that cost the boy a lot of time that he ought to have spent on his lessons.
A. to have played B. playing C. played D. having played
【答案与解析】 B 该句是一个强调句型，强调部分是句子的主语成分，所以用动名词充当。注意having done 这种结构通常在句中做句首状语，表明其动作发生在谓语动词之前。
【举一反三】4
1.—What made him so angry?—____.
A. Because his son lied to him B. His son lied to him
C. Because of his son‘s lie D. His son‘s lying to him
2. Dr. Smith, together with his wife and daughters,____ visit Beijing this summer. ( 09·陕西)
A. is going to B. are going to C. was going to D. were going to
3. Professor James will give us a lecture on the Western culture, but when and where___ yet.(07·浙江)
A. hasn‘t been decidedB. haven‘t decidedC. isn‘t being decidedD. aren‘t decided
反馈训练1 改正下列句子中的错误。
1. China is no longer what used to be.
2. His son was missing in the earthquake made him very anxious.
3. There was an accident happened to him.
4. Those came to see me that afternoon are some friends of mine.
5. Without a friend will feel lonely.
6. Large quantities of money has been collected to help those suffering from the floods
7. It is important for us cooperating with each other; otherwise, we will never accomplish the aim.
谓语 谓语是构成句子的最主要成分之一，谓语由动词来担任。谓语的中心词有人称、数、语气、语态和时态的变化。如：
1. She speaks English fluently. 她的英语讲得很流利。
2. Linda worked in the company for two years. 琳达在那个公司工作过两年。
3. Without your help, we couldn‘t have finished the work ahead of time.
4.You are sincerely invited to a party to be given at the Teachers‘ Club.
5. Make sure to form the habit of turning off the electric facilities whenever you leave the classroom.
6. The teacher insisted that we (should) use an English- English dictionary.
反馈训练2 改正下列句子中的错误。
1. He against your plan.
2. A week past before his letter arrived.
3. I watched him until he was disappeared from sight in the distance.
4. The economic crisis worsening in some countries.
5. The professor has come to China for five years.
6. Because he was seriously ill, he laid in bed waiting for the doctor to come.
7. Pollution effects more people living in today's society than it did in previous years.
8. The film started for fifteen minutes when I got to the cinema.
9. If he knew the answer, he will tell me.
10. Waiting outside until you are asked.
宾语: 宾语表示动作、行为的对象，由名词、代词、数词、动名词、动词不定式和宾语从句充当，和及物动词一起说明主语做什么。如：
1.名词
She has a very pleasant smile and always has a twinkle in her eyes. 她笑得很灿烂，总是闪烁着那双大眼睛。
2.代词
Please wake me up at six tomorrow morning. 请明天早上六点叫醒我。
3.数词
I need three more. 我还需要三个。
4.同源宾语
She dreamt a sweet dream. 她做了个美梦。
5.动名词短语
He doesn‘t allow smoking in his office. 他不允许在他办公室里吸烟。
6.动词不定式短语
I meant to have told you about it, but I forgot to do so. 我本打算告诉你，但我忘记了。
7.疑问词+不定式
We haven‘t decided where to meet. 我们没有决定在那见面。
8.宾语从句
No one can deny that smoking leads to cancer. 没有人能否认吸烟能致癌的事实。
We took it for granted that they would accept the proposal.
我们以为他们会理所当然地接受这项建议。
宾语补足语: 有些动词除有宾语外,有时还需要有宾语补足语,句子意义才能完整。 所以宾语补足语说明宾语是什么、做什么、处于什么状态的成分，其逻辑主语为句子的宾语。。根据宾语和宾补在逻辑上存在的主谓（主动）或动宾（被动）关系，选用不同的非谓语动词形式作宾补。
宾语与宾补一起构成复合宾语。
一．常用的复合宾语结构为：
主语+ 谓语+ 宾语 + 宾语补足语， 其中宾语补足语可由下列形式充当。
1.名词
They all made him monitor. 我们都选他当班长。
2.形容词
After-class activities will not only make our school life colorful, but also improve our learning.
课外活动不仅让我们的学校生活丰富多彩，还能够提高我们的学习。
3.副词
Will you please invite all of them in? 你能把它们都邀请近来吗？
4.介词词组
After- class activities free students from the heavy study. 课外活动把学生从繁重的学习中解脱出来。
5.动词不定式
Nowadays，students are encouraged to take part in varieties of after-class activities.
现在学生被鼓励参加各种各样的课外活动。
6.省to的动词不定式
Sports help us build up our body, improve our ability of balance, develop our endurance and cooperation sense. 体育运动有助于我们增强体质，提高平衡能力，培养耐力和合作精神。
7.现在分词短语
I saw a stranger waving to me. 我看见一个陌生人给我挥手。
8.过去分词短语
They found their house broken into. 他们发现房屋被盗。
9. it作形式宾语的复合宾语结构
I found it pleasant to be with your family. 我发现和你的家人在一起很令人愉快。
10. with 的复合宾语结构
They stayed in the cave, with nothing to eat. 他们呆在山中，没有东西可吃。
With the Internet becoming more and more popular, we have fewer face –to face talks with our friends. 随着因特网的日益普及， 我们和朋友之间面对面的交流更少了。
考查宾语及宾补的正确形式
【技巧点拨】
1.对宾语的考查主要涉及动名词和不定式做宾语的情况。用不定式还是动名词作宾语取决于谓语动词本身的用法特点。所以，要解好这类题的关键是熟记常见的用不定式或动名词作宾语的动词。
2.有些及物动词后既可用动名词，也可用不定式作宾语，但两种结构在意义上差别很大。所以，解题的关键也是先要熟记这类动词的用法，才能在具体的语境中灵活运用。
3．对宾补的考查主要涉及非谓语动词作宾补的辨析。具体选用哪种形式既要看谓语动词本身的用法特点，比如catch sb. doing sth, let sb.do sth.等这样的固定的宾补形式，又要看宾语和宾补之间是主动还是被动关系。比如：see sb. do/doing sth. (主动)，see sb./sth. done (被动关系)。如：
I can‘t stand____with Jane in the same office. She just refuses___talking while she works.(2006·北京)
A. working ; stoppingB. to work; stoppingC. working ; to stopD. to work; to stop
【答案与解析】 C。can‘t stand（不能忍受）后要接动名词作宾语；refuse 后则只能接不定式作宾语。 又如： Claire had luggage ___________ an hour before her plane left. （2011·陕西卷）
A.checkB.checkingC.to checkD.checked
【答案与解析】 D。luggage 与check 之间具有被动关系，所以宾补应用过去分词。
【举一反三】5
1.—There is a story here in the paper about a 110-year - old man.
—My Goodness! I can‘t imagine____that old.(2006·陕西)
A.to be B.to have been C.being D.having been
2. Let those in need___________ that we will go all out to help them. （2013陕西卷）
A. to understand B. understand C. understanding D. understood
3.All the staff in our company are considering____to the city centre for fashion show.( 2007·上海春招)
A.to go B.goingC.to have gone D.having gone
反馈训练3一．单句改错。
1. The speaker spoke louder but still couldn‘t make himself understand.
2. We all made Jason the director of English Department.
3. The teacher asked us not make so much noise.
4. Don‘t leave the water run while you brush your teeth.
5. He pushed the door opening.
6. She looked around and caught a man put his hand into the pocket of a passenger.
二、用所给词的适当形式填空
1. He narrowly escaped ____ (hit) by the car.
2. His doctor advised him ____ (take) the medicine twice a day.
3. The final exam is over. We are looking forward to ____ (have) an exciting summer holiday.
4. Drivers are not allowed ____ (park) their car here, for it may cause an accident.
表语： 表语用来说明主语的性质、身份、特征和状态，与连系动词一起构成复合谓语。系动词之后的词、短语或句子都称之为表语。表语可以由名词、代词、形容词、副词、介词短语不定式、动名词、起形容词作用的分词以及表语从句担任。
1.名词
Jobs was an IT leader who combined art and technology perfectly.乔布斯是一个将艺术和科技完美结合的IT 领袖。
2.代词
Seventy four years old? You don‘t look it. 74岁了？ 你看起来不像这个年纪。
3.副词
Class was over at last.课终于结束了。
4.介词词组
It is beyond our wildest imagination that she has been addicted to books since she was 44 years old, which paves the way for her future writing. 很难想象，她在四岁时就迷上了书籍，这为她未来的写作打下了基础。
5.不定式短语
My plan was to start tomorrow. 我的计划就是明天开始。
6.动名词短语
His job is teaching English. 他的工作就是教英语。
7.形容词或分词短语
Leaves turn yellow in autumn.秋天树叶变黄。
He was puzzled about what had happened. 他对发生的一切感到迷惑。
8.表语从句
Maybe it‘s because we have seldom sat down and exchanged our feelings and thoughts.
那可能是因为我们很少坐下来交流思想感情。
Job‘s motto is that we should stay hungry and stay foolish.
乔布斯的座右铭是我们应该求知若渴、处事若愚。
反馈训练4找出下列句子中正确的表达。
1．他身体健康。
Her body is healthy.
He is healthy.
2.这道数学题看起来有点难。
This maths problem looks a little difficult.
This maths problem is looked a little difficult.
3.这种巧克力味道不错。
This chocolate tastes well.
This chocolate tastes nice.
4.问题是我们当时没有带足够的钱。
The problem is that we didn‘t bring enough money.
The problem is we didn‘t bring enough money.
5. 我难过的原因是他不理解我。
The reason why I was sad was because he didn‘t understand me.
The reason why I was sad was that he didn‘t understand me.
定语: 定语是用来描述名词或代词，说明人或事物的性质、特征、所属的词、短语或句子。定语可分为前置定语和后置定语两种。
1.代词
Open your mouth and put out your tongue. 张开嘴，伸出舌头。
2.数词
She cut the cake into two pieces. 她把蛋糕切成了两块。
3.名词
This is a stone table.这是一张石头桌子。
4.介词短语
I?m writing this E-mail to ask you for some advice on how to form a band.
我写这份电子邮件想向您征求一些如何成立乐队的建议。
5. 形容词
This is the most interesting book I have ever read.
6.副词
The photo above was taken fifty years ago.上面的那张照片是五十年前拍的。
7.动名词
Put the child in the sleeping bag. 把孩子放在睡袋里。
8.现在分词短语
The girl singing in English aloud is Lucy. 那个大声用英语唱歌的女孩是露西。
9.不定式
The best time to come to China is spring or autumn. 来中国最好的时间是春天或秋天。
10.过去分词短语
What‘s the language spoken in that area? 那个地区讲什么语言？
11.定语从句t
Even the students who used to dislike English have turned out to be interested in the subject. 甚至过去不喜欢英语的学生，结果他们也对英语感兴趣了。
As we know, books are the source of knowledge. 正如我们所知，书籍是知识的源泉。
反馈训练5用所给词的适当形式填空
1. He gave us a ____ (frighten) account of his experience in the Middle East.
2. Here are a few pictures ____ (show) you how I was getting along abroad.
3.The time ____ （need)for completing the experiment can certainly be shortened because of all the support we have got from you.
4.Now the need ____ (learn) other people‘s language is becoming popular.
5.I‘d like to buy a cell phone. I have several models ____ (choose) from.
状语: 状语是用来修饰句中谓语动词或整个句子的，表示动作行为或状态发生的时间、地点、原因、目的、结果、方式、条件或伴随、程度等情况,因此就有相应的时间状语、地点状语、原因状语等等。如：
1.程度状语
Tom speaks very fast. 汤姆讲话很快。
2.方式状语
He makes his living by selling newspapers. 他靠卖报为生。
3.目的状语
In face of the disaster, people united to fight against the floods. 灾难面前，人们团结起来，与洪水斗争。
4.时间/地点状语
A performance will be given in the lecture hall at 7o‘clock on September 9th, 2014.
在2014年9月9日7点将在报告厅举行一场文艺演出。
5.现在分词作时间状语
Hearing the news, she burst into tears. 听到这个消息，她的眼泪都流出来了。
7.过去分词作伴随状语
The teacher came into the lab, followed by some students. 老师来到实验室，后面跟着一些学生。
8.固定结构作评注状语
免费论文网友情提示：本网站所有内容为共享上传提供，不涉及任何商业利益，本站对此不承担任何保证责任！
Copyright © www.csmayi.cn Corporation, All Rights Reserved 共享时代 共享你我他 版权所有