篇一：演讲稿的构思与撰写_纯英文_1000字 一千字
How to Write a Manuscript of a Prepared Speech
Step 01:Be Sure of the Target of the Speech
Target:
01 To offer information
02 To entertain the audience
03 To touch emotions
04 To move to action
Step 02:Be Sure of Five Major Aspects
Aspect:
01 Who-Audience
If the speaker is a salesman , then the audience are the customers.
①Write down everything you know about the audience,such as age , education ,etc.. ②Understand what they will be interested in --- examples, content, stories, etc ③identify the number of people, common uniting factors, and specific interests
02 What-is the Subject
①Are you positive or negative about it?
②What you are going to present?
③What statement do you want to make?
03 How-are you going to Show
①How long will the speech keep on?
②How will you clarify it?
04 When-is your Speech
9:00 in the morning or 3:00pm in the afternoon？
05 Where-is the physical Layout and the speaking Area
①Will they see me easily?
②Will they hear me clearly?
③Is the microphone needed?
④Is there a place to put my note?
⑤Are there technological resources?
Step 03:Starting to write
①Choose your topic.
A good speech is usually about one thing. There needs to be one message that matches the occasion for the speech. It should reflect the interests of your audience, the feel of the occasion, and, better yet, have something to say that is relevant.
If the speech is for school and is completely open-ended, choose a topic that you'll find easy to be passionate about. The best speeches have very little to do with argument and more to do with delivery and the heart put into it by the speaker. If you can get into it, odds are your audience can too.
②Find your purpose or thesis.
Why are you giving a speech on this topic anyway? ("My teacher told me to!" is not a reason.)
"Thesis" is paper talk, yes. But a good speech is like an informal paper - you still need a point to drill home. If you are writing a speech on an event in your life, it still needs a message. Your topic may be the near fatal death experience you had last year, but your thesis or purpose would be advocating the use of seat belts. When you need reasoning to back it up, "it saved my life" is pretty hard to argue with!
A speech should be made for a good reason: To inspire, to instruct, to rally support, or to lead to action are noble purposes -- but not to merely sound off, to feed a speaker's ego, to flatter, to intimidate, or to shame. For the record.
③Get organized.
Remember that all great speeches (and even those not so great) require "shape": the introduction, the stuffings (the body), and the "outro" or conclusion. A speech is not an amorphous blob or strings of tangled spaghetti; it is not bits and pieces shoved together.
The old saying is hard to beat for shaping your speech: "Intro -- Tell them what you will tell them. Body -- Tell them. Conclusion -- Tell them what you told them." That's exactly how you should think of the structure of your speech.
For your body, come up with at least three points to support your argument. If they build on each other, all the better. At the beginning, draft a list. You can pick out the strongest ones later.
④Be prepared to get persuasive.
You'll need to do this in any way that you can. If your points aren't strong logically, you'll need to pad them with other reasons. If you're not persuading them to agree with you on a topic, you need to at least get them hanging on your every word.
Plato's appeals of ethos, pathos, and logos will come in handy here. Move your audience to agreement by means of your credibility (ethos) or by using others' (when you think of Hanes, do you think of quality underwear or do you think of Michael Jordan? That's right.), by manipulating their emotions (pathos), or by simple use of logic (logos). Neither is necessarily stronger or more effective than the others; it all depends on the point you're trying to make.
TIPS
①Insist on your important points!
Don't make any changes to your speech just because you think people will judge you (stand up to peer pressure). Make changes because you want them, and are comfortable with your edits.
②Avoid a flat or pathetic:
"Thank you" to signal that, "Yes, the speech is over". This is unnecessary.Start writing as if you are creating an essay or informative article. When you are comfortable with your draft, read it aloud. Listen to a recording. But, the style should be different than a typical essay or article. You can't have complex paragraphs that drone on. Rather than pack your talk with boring facts and figures, give them a supporting handout (after your talk, unless you have to present that document as such -- if so, then give it out beforehand). It's okay to repeat or revisit important points for emphasis.
③Consider your audience's frame of reference.
A simple way to do it is to think about: Who's in the audience? Why are they here? And after hearing your speech, what's the first thing you would like them to do or say to someone else, perhaps?
④Think hard before incorporating flip charts or a dry-erase board into your presentation.
Eventually you may find yourself talking to your flip chart and not to the audience. The audience might be distracted by your illegible scribblings -- or watching you fumble with your exhibits. Insecure or shy speakers like stage props because they take the focus off them. Whatever best suits your situation is fine.
⑤The type of event you are attending will determine the length of your speech.
Consider that the average speaker speaks 100 to 135 words per minute. Below are sample speech lengths:
Standard keynote speaker: 18 - 22 minutes (est. 1800 to 2970 words)
Motivator: 12 - 15 minutes (est. 1200 to 2025 words)
Ceremonial speaker: 5 - 7 minutes (est. 500 to 945 words)
News conference: 2 - 3 minutes (est. 200 to 405 words)
Wedding toast: 2 - 3 minutes (est. 200 to 405 words)
WARMINGS
Don't give a lengthy and boring speech. Otherwise people will literally fall asleep during the speech. Always have a sense of humor to liven up the place a bit.
Don't be a windbag. Time your speech in a few practice runs. If it goes more than five minutes you had better be a spellbinding speaker. The typical amateur speaker will have the audience checking their watches after about three minutes. Remember, Abe Lincoln only needed a minute or two for the Gettysburg Address.
篇二：英语教学反思一千字
三年级英语音标教学反思
国际音标是整个语音教学中的重要部分，它对小学生是否合适？小学生能否学好国际音标？我进行了在教字母之前集中教音标的试验。从学生的学习成绩和学习英语的能力来看，小学生不仅能学音标，而且能学得很好。
PEP冀教版的小学英语教材思路新颖。但第一册没有安排音标教学。课本上的形式活泼只是一个方面，要使小学生学得好，最关键的问题是如何引导，如何去教。下面谈谈我对小学音标教学的几点看法。
一、趣味教学 摆脱枯燥
都说国际音标难教、枯燥。是的，单纯的音素认读、记忆，和反复拼读练习确实比较乏味。如果不在教法上多做文章，小学生是不会感兴趣的。反之，如果在教法上来点“味精”，即在教学中穿插些趣味活泼的游戏，通过生动活泼的形式来加快认读，促进记忆，熟练拼读。通过紧张而激烈的竞赛，激发学生学习的积极性和兴趣。教学音标的游戏活动大致分为以下三类：
（一）认读游戏
学习48个国际音标如同一年级小朋友学汉语拼音一样，有一个音与形的认识过程。课堂上模仿、拼读过程一长，学生很容易厌烦。教学中，我常用“比一比，谁的音发得最佳”的竞赛来使学生集中注意力，养成仔细听音、观察口形、认真模仿的好习惯。巩固音标的认读游戏很多，如“快速认读音标卡片记时赛”，出示三四张一组的音标卡片，迅速拿掉，让学生按顺序说出“你看到了什么？”；出一组卡片，让学生读过后，从中任意抽掉一张，然后打乱其余几张再出现，问“哪一张不见了？”，还有各种猜音标的游戏??。学生十分
喜欢做这类游戏，而教师又利用学生的兴趣，在玩玩赛赛中巩固了所教知识，教学效果很好。
（二）听辨音游戏
要培养学生正确的语音，听力反应是相当重要的。听辨音游戏可分两类：一类是书面练习，如 Listen and circle（圈出你所听到的音标），Listen and tick，Listen and number，Listen and connect等；另一类可以利用音标卡片来举一反三地做出许多种游戏，如“听音举卡片”、“听音举音标排队”，在九格纸板上做“听音摆卡片”等等。
（三）拼读游戏
学习国际音标的主要目的是培养学生的拼读能力。拼读有一个熟能生巧的过程，只有反复多拼，才能达到熟练。教学中，我尽量设计游戏，让学生高兴地练。如：拼音标找到相应图片的“找朋友”游戏，紧张而又愉快的音乐传卡片拼读游戏，“拼音标写数词”，“拼音标画简笔图”、“拼音标涂颜色”等游戏，都是深受学生欢迎的。
小学生好动，就让学生在活动中学；小学生好胜，就让他们在竞赛中练；小学生好奇，就让他们在悬念中猜。既满足了他们的娱乐愿望，又顺利地完成了学习任务。学生在愉快的气氛中学习，在积极的情景中记忆，从而使音标教学真正从枯燥中摆脱出来。
二、培养学生能力 提高学习效率
教学音标的目的不仅是认识48个音标，更主要的是培养学生运用音标的拼读来学习英语的能力。能力的培养要根据教学内容循序渐进。
第一步：教会学生拼读音标词
一开始，把音标词的拼读与汉语拼音相比较，得出“辅音轻，元音重，两音相拼猛一碰”。引导学生进行最简单的拼读。如[t]-[i:]→[ti:]等等。学完48个音标以后，提出“快认辅音，读出元音，迅速拼出整个音标词”法，引导学生认、读、拼结合，提高速度。如：[u]→[kud]等等。
最后要求学生一气呵成，达到“速认，快拼”，一次性读出音标词。如
[baik]，[feis]等，就这样学生的拼读能力不断增强，直至能拼出少量双音节和多音节词，基本掌握重音、次重音。这时候课堂上教学新单词时，就会出现师生抢着说的现象。好表现的小学生就会产生一种自己会拼读英语单词的成功感，学习外语的兴趣和积极性更加高涨。这与教师领读、学生跟读的枯燥乏味的教学效果截然不同。
第二步：教学生查词典
第一学期，就要从紧张的教学中抽出一点时间随时练习查词典，每次查一两个词，养成习惯。“磨刀不误砍柴功”，学生学会了查词典，如虎添翼，学起来就更加“自由”了。他们可以从词典上发现一个新单词的多种意思，这样满足了他们的好奇心，又拓宽了知识面。有时会话教学中的三会词，就可让学生当堂通过查词典自己读出，并告诉他们“这是你们自己学会的。”另外，还可利用课堂或课外经常进行查词典比赛，而且在班级里开辟“小词典”栏目，根据课堂教学内容，每周扩展四五个单词。如：教到动物，就出动物一类；教日用品，就出refrigerater，bookshelf等实用意义的词，查查练练，不必要求学生记忆。学生对此很感兴趣。学会查词典后，教师还可提出课前预习的要求。在做练习或造句时，鼓励学生适当使用书本上没有的词汇。用得好的加
“Good！”这些要求和活动不仅开拓了视野，而且培养了学生学习英语的良好习惯，为今后进一步学习外语打下了较好的预习和自学的基础。
学生学习能力的增长，促进了听、说、读、写各方面成绩的提高。尤其是提高了课堂教学效率。教学时间大大缩短了，节省下来的时间可以进行更多的情景操练，会话表演，教唱歌，做游戏等等活动。这种做法有利于教师教、学生学，是一种促进英语教学良性循环的好措施。
三、严格要求 持久运用
教完48个音标及拼读方法，并不意味着完成了语音教学任务。许多学生往往在开头学得很好，以后就只重视句型和对话，忽视了音标的巩固，甚至有语音退步现象。如单词thank，一开始由于教时强调口形、舌位，发得较准，慢慢地，由于疏忽，发成了[Ienk] ，最后随口说成了[senk]了。因此音标教学绝不能仅限于入门阶段，而是要贯穿于整个教学过程。教学中，我们教师应随时注意这个问题，尽量做到以下两点：
（一）音形结合 掌握规律
教会学生音标的认读及拼读之后，应注意培养学生按照读音规则，把单词的音、形、义联系起来迅速反应的能力。每次教新词时，不仅要会发音、会拼读，还要与旧词联系，进行一些归类性的训练。如教单词thank时，先让学生回忆th发[I]的单词，如出示卡片 让学生读读，再与th发[ ]的一组卡片做比较。学生们不仅渐渐地知道p发[p]，b发[b]，m[m]，h[h]，还知道sh发[ ]th发[ ]或[ ]，ch[ ]，ng[ ]，kn [n]，ght[t]，ow [au]，ea[i:]／[e]等，用这样的方法，能培养学生自觉地把单词、音标作音、形比较，直至掌握
一些规律，逐步学会听音知形、见形知音的本领。这样的训练，也能培养学生速记单词的能力。
（二）严格要求 常抓不懈
教师在教学中要做到持之以恒，严格要求学生。不断正音，不让语音退化。当然，严格要求，及时纠音，也应和适当宽容相结合，因为每个人的接受能力不同，而且语音学习是需要一个过程的，不可能一下就学得十分标准。起初时，应允许把一点“错误”逐步标准化。我在教学中经常注意在复习环节中安插一点时间操练音素，防止回生。平时检查读书、背书时也十分重视学生的发音。如学生往往容易把short发成[ ] 短音；[ ]与[e]不分。由于方言的干扰，学生常把[ ]发成[s]，把[ ]发成[z]等，这就要靠教师经常训练，不断提醒，并及时表扬发音好的学生，形成正确发音的风气。在课文中所出现的连读，我也利用音标提示学生，如an English teacher用 引导学生连读。还有不完全爆破，如a black cat用括号提示学生发正确[]。句子的语调、会话、朗读的感情，都做到严格要求，一丝不苟，学生在这种训练下，语音才会越来越好。在试教中，我体会到，只要教师肯在教法上钻研创新，而且持之以恒，常抓不懈，就完全可以处理好教学中的这一难关。
教是为了不教，学用“拐棍”是为了丢掉它。利用国际音标教学，培养学生学习外语的自学能力，将会使学生受益终身。
篇三：一千字作文
姥姥家的院子
童年，如烟花一绽般短暂，美丽。带着丝丝的怀念，牵着逝去的天真，深深地刻在记忆的光盘中。随着时光的流转，一幕幕美丽，生动的往事被时针抛洒在成长路上，而姥姥家的院子，就是其中一幕。记忆中，推开厚厚的老式门，先看到一个避雨的棚子，夏天时，躲在那里，凉爽极了。依稀记得，棚下墙角还有一株大丽菊开得茂盛。棚前就是一片绿油油的景象。一个四方的院子就展现出来。这就是我童年充满欢乐的地方。
回忆中，北屋边的枣树总是红杂绿，青涩的枣儿害羞似得，躲在浓密的绿叶里不出来，石榴树可不同了，笑的咧开了大嘴，一点儿也不羞涩。蜂儿呀，蝶呀，春天时几乎都乘风飞来了，到时，轻轻一扑，总能扑到一两只豹纹蝴蝶，黄粉蝶呀，南屋檐下还似乎有个蜂窝似的。侧屋的藤上好像永不空着似得，时种点黄瓜，时种点葡萄，一年的倭瓜攀上了屋檐。肥土里，大叶子的小油菜抬着头，红艳艳的辣椒瘦瘦的，朵朵蝴蝶花衬在周围，像给辣椒別上个头饰似得，也有几分美丽。幼时，姥姥姥爷总是在这不大的院子里忙活。我也跟着帮忙。说是帮忙，其实是捣乱，反倒帮了倒忙。施肥吧，堂姐在那规规矩矩的施肥，我呢，就在旁闲逛，不但把施好肥的田地破坏，连肥料也被我撒得到处都是，爸爸妈妈只得从一旁苦笑。后来，大人们再也不让我帮忙了。
闲的闷，就去打枣。小小的我拿着那么长的带钩竿子够，一使劲，“哗啦”，枣儿倒一个也没掉下来，反倒一只灰蜘蛛连枝差点掉到头
上，我还从未看见过这么大的蜘蛛哩！吓得幼小的我坐在地上哭了起来，连竿子砸在脚上都没有察觉。
摘水果也是我常在姥姥的院子里做的事情之一，可祸事还免不了发生，记得有一次，我去拾石榴，未曾留意到果间还趴着个黄绒绒的球儿，就那一次，险些被蜂儿蜇，可晚后水果过后，却有些不适。此后我再也不敢擅自拾了。
儿时，那老屋前总趴着一只毛色纯白的猫。猫名雪，比我出生晚两年，我天真的想：若它会说人语的话，一定要叫我‘姐姐’。我没事就和它玩，我喂给它“虾条”吃，它和我玩“躲猫猫”，“找东西”??它是我童年时最好的伙伴。我离开时，它还奔到屋外为我送行，道别，再来时，它已不见。
在姥姥的院子里，乐趣就如我扔出的玉米芯那样好找到。扑个蝴蝶，捉个蜻蜓，采野花，摘黄瓜，姥姥家邻村的孩子们还有跑去几里外的河边游泳的。这有在这儿，才能躲避城市的喧嚣，逃离街道的车水马龙，奔流不息，抛弃人来人往，享受宁静的自由。这怎的不称得上是“人间天堂”？这怎得不比城市好上十倍？
如今，那美好的童年时光早已不复存在了。本已快忘了，又被课文《乡下人家》，《祖父的园子》勾起了记忆的心弦，弹出怀念的琴音。“雪”四个月前去世了。那个被我视为“人间天堂”的小院子，几年前也被拆除，盖起了新小区。走在新铺的地板上，有种莫名的怀念。是啊，豪华的都市现代化生活，怎比得上幼年时在姥姥的园子里那惬意，自在的生活呢？
免费论文网友情提示：本网站所有内容为共享上传提供，不涉及任何商业利益，本站对此不承担任何保证责任！
Copyright © www.csmayi.cn Corporation, All Rights Reserved 共享时代 共享你我他 版权所有