篇一：第二代身份证正反面中英文对照翻译
篇二：提单背面 条款翻译
中远COSCO集装箱提单背面条款(中文)
1. DEFINITIONS 定义
"Carrier" means COSCO container lines company limited.
"Merchant" includes the consignor, the shipper, the receiver, the consignee, the owner of the Goods, the lawful holder or endorsee of this Bill of Lading, or any other person having any present or future interest in the Goods or this Bill of Lading, or anyone authorized to act on behalf of any of the foregoing.
"Vessel", where the context so admits, includes the Vessel named in Box 6 of this Bill of Lading or any substitute therefor, and any feeder vessel, lighter or barge used by or on behalf of the Carrier in connection with any seaborne leg of the carriage."Sub-contractor" includes owners and operators of vessels (other than the Carrier), stevedores, terminal, warehouse, depot and groupage operators, road and rail transport operators and any independent contractor employed by the Carrier in the performance of the carriage and any sub-sub-contractor thereof. The expression Sub-contractor shall include direct and indirect Sub-contractors and their respective servants, agents or Sub-contractors.
"Goods" means the whole or any part of the cargo received from the Merchant and includes any Container not supplied by or on behalf of the Carrier.
"Package" means each Container which is stuffed and sealed by or on behalf of the Merchant, and not the items packed in such Container if the number of such items is not indicated on the front of this Bill of Lading or is indicated by the terms such as "Said to Contain" or similar expressions.
"Shipping Unit" means any physical unit of cargo not shipped in a package, including machinery, vehicles and boats, except goods shipped in bulk.
"Container" includes any Container, open top, trailer, transportable tank, flat rack, platform, pallet, and any other equipment or device used for or in connection with the transportation of the Goods.
“承运人”（CARRIER）是指“中远集运”，即中远集装箱运输有限公司。
“货方”（MERCHANT）包括发货人、托运人、收货人、受货人、货主、本提单的合法持有人或被背书人，或与货物或本提单具有现时或未来利益关系的任何人，或被授权代表前述任何一方行事的任何人。 “船舶”按有关上下文情况，包括本提单第6栏所列船舶或其替代船舶，以及承运人或代表承运人于全部运程中的海运阶段所使用的任何支线船或驳船。
“分立契约人”（SUB-CONTRACTOR）包括（除承运人以外的）船舶所有人及经营人，装卸工人，码头、仓库、集装箱储运站经营人及拼箱经营人，公路及铁路运输经营人，及承运人雇佣的用以进行运输的任何独立订约人，以及其小分立契约人（SUB-SUB-CONTRACTOR）。分立契约人一词应包括直接及间接分立契约人及其各自的受雇人、代理人或分立契约人。
“货物”（GOODS）是指自货方收到的全部货物或其任何部分，并包括非由承运人或其代表提供的任何集装箱。
“件”是指由货方或其代表装载并铅封的每一集装箱，而不是在集装箱中所装的货物件数，如果此项件数未在本提单正面列明，或者是用“据称内装”或类似词句列明。
“装运单位”（SHIPPING UNIT）是指未以包件运输的任何一个具体单位的货物，包括机械、车辆及船只，但散装货物除外。
“集装箱”（CONTAINER）包括任何集装箱，如开顶集装箱、拖车、可运油罐、框架箱、平板箱、货盘，以及为运输货物而使用的任何其他设备或设施。
本条作为定义条款，用以说明、规定本提单条款中经常出现的一些名词，以便明确在为提单所证明或构成的运输合同中所代表的概念、避免理解上的差异。
有关承运人的定义与提单正面的抬头和承运人签单部位的落款相对应，符合《跟单信用证统一惯例500》对提单签发的要求。本提单所构成或证明运输合同中的承运人仅指中远集运、而非任何其他相关的契约承运人、实际承运人，这样避免了当存在几个运输合同时发生混淆。另外还应指出的是承运人被定义为‘中远集运’（COSCO CONTAINER LINES.），虽然中远集装箱运输有限公司的英文正式名称为COSCO CONTAINER LINES COMPANY LIMITED, 但是我们这里仅使用其商业名称(TRADE NAME)。
关于货方的定义将发货人、托运人、收货人、受货人、货主、本提单的合法持有人或受背书人，或与货物或本提单具有现时或未来利益关系的任何人，或被授权代表前述任何一方行事的任何人纳入运输合同中与承运人相对应的货方，符合提单流转的需要，保护了船货双方共同的权益，便于双方根据运输合同解决纠纷。
关于‘件’的定义是与提单正面的‘不知条款’相对应的，同时也是为适应海商法有关承运人单件责任限制规定的需要。即除非提单上已显示了货物件数或者表明了“据称内装”等类似词句，否则由货方装箱的一个集装箱将作为一件计算，这是因为承运人在接受整箱货时是无法核实货物件数，同时整箱货的运费比拼箱货按件数、重量、体积等单位计收的运费低廉。
*本条款中各项定义也适用于条款注释中出现的相关名词。
2. CARRIER'S TARIFF 承运人的运价本
The terms of the Carrier's applicable Tariff and other requirements regarding charges are incorporated into this Bill of Lading. Particular attention is drawn to the terms contained therein, including, but not limited to, free storage time, Container and vehicle demurrage,etc. Copies of the relevant provisions of the applicable Tariff are obtainable from the Carrier or his agents upon request. In case of any inconsistency between this Bill of Lading and the applicable Tariff, this Bill of Lading shall prevail.
承运人所使用的运价本中的条款以及有关费收的其他要求等项，已被载入本提单。请特别注意运价本中所载各项条款，包括但不限于免费堆存期、集装箱及车辆滞留期等。使用的运价本的有关条款，可向承运人或其代理人索取。如本提单与所用运价本之间有不一致之处，应以本提单为准。
本条是用以说明承运人运价本的作用。提单正面、背面条款内容虽然十分丰富，但毕竟是固定的格式，不可能经常更改；而且运输合同项下各项费用的收取，结算的依据往往要与具体港口的特殊要求相对应，或者随着市场的变化而变化，所以承运人用运价本的形式对此作出规定。根据本条款将运价本中的条款并入提单并约束运输合同的各方。
3. SUB-CONTRACTING, INDEMNITY AND CERTAIN DEFENSES, EXEMPTIONS AND LIMITATIONS分立契约、赔偿以及抗辩、免除事项及责任限制
(1) The Carrier shall have the right at any time and on any terms whatsoever to sub-contract the whole or any part of the carriage with any Sub-contractor and/or to substitute any other vessel or means of transport for the Vessel.
(2) The Merchant undertakes that no claim or legal action whatsoever shall be made or brought against any person by whom the carriage is performed or undertaken (including, but not limited to, the Carrier's servants, agents or Sub-contractors), other than the Carrier, which imposes or attempts to impose upon any such person, or any vessel owned or operated by such person, any liability whatsoever in connection with the Goods or the carriage thereof whether or not arising out of negligence on the part of such person. Should any such claim or legal action nevertheless be made or brought, the Merchant undertakes to indemnify the Carrier against all consequences thereof including legal expenses on a full indemnity basis. Without prejudice to the foregoing, every such person or vessel, including, but not limited to, the Carrier's servants, agents, or Sub-contractors as defined in Clause 1 above, shall have the benefit of every exemption, defense and limitation herein contained applicable to the Carrier, in contract or in tort, as if such provision were expressly contracted for its benefit, and, in entering into this contract, the Carrier, to the extent of such exemptions, defenses and limitations, does so not only on its behalf, but also as an agent and trustee for such person or vessel.
(1)承运人有权在任何时间以任何条件将运输的全部或其任何部分同任何分立契约人订立分立契约，并（或）以任何其他船舶或运输工具代替本船。
货方保证，不向承运人以外的由其履行或承办运输的任何人（包括但不限于承运人的受雇人、代理人或分立契约人）就货物或货物运输一事而提起向其或其所拥有或经营的任何船舶加诸或意欲加诸任何责任的索赔或任何法律诉讼，不论此项责任是否由于此种人的疏忽而引起。如果，即使如此，此项索赔或法律诉讼仍被提起，则货方保证就由此引起的后果包括法律费用，全部赔偿承运人。在不防碍上述规定的情况下，上述第(1)款所述每一个人或船舶，包括但不限于承运人的受雇人、代理人或分立契约人，都应享有本提单所载适用于承运人的在涉及合同或侵权事件中的每一免除事项、抗辩及责任限制，犹如此种条款已为其利益而明文规定，而且在订立本提单时，就上述免除事项、抗辩及责任限制而言，承运人不仅代表其本身，而且也是作为上述的人或船舶的代理人或受托人.
本条就是通常所说的‘喜马拉雅条款’， 是提单必须包括的标准条款，其效力也已为海商法、海牙-维斯比规则确认。本条款主要说明承运人的雇佣人在代表承运人履行承运人的部分或全部义务时同样受提单条款的约束和保护。由于索赔方与承运人的雇佣人或代理人没有合同关系，所以索赔方往往会绕过运输合同直接向第三人提起侵权之诉。本条的订立就是为了防止这种情况的发生，使得承运人的雇佣人或代理人同样可以享受承运人根据提单背面条款所享受到免除事项、抗辩及责任限制，例如提单上标明是一
件机器设备，货物在港口装卸时受到损害，根据海商法承运人可以享受责任限制同样可以适用于港口装卸人。1968年的海牙维斯比规则已经吸收这样的规定，我国海商法也是作了相同的规定。
4. CARRIER'S RESPONSIBILITY 承运人的责任
(1) Port to Port Shipment If boxes 6, 7 and 8 but not boxes 4,5and 9 are filled in on the front of this Bill of Lading, this Bill of Lading is a Port-to-Port contract. The Carrier shall be responsible for the Goods as Carrier from the time when the Goods are received by the Carrier at the Port of Loading until the time of delivery thereof at the port of discharge to the Merchant or to the Authority as required by local laws or regulations, whichever occurs earlier.
(2) Combined Transport If Box 4, Box 5 and/or Box 9 are filled in on the front of this Bill of Lading and the place(s) or port(s) indicated therein is/are place(s) or port(s) other than that indicated in Box 7 and Box 8 and Freight is paid for combined transport, this Bill of Lading is a combined transport contract. The Carrier undertakes to arrange
or procure the pre-carriage and/or on-carriage segments of the combined transport. All claims arising from the combined transport carriage must be filed with the Carrier within 9 months after the delivery of the Goods or the date when the Goods should have been delivered, failing which the Carrier shall be discharged from all liabilities whatsoever in respect of the Goods. If any payment is made by the Carrier to the Merchant in respect of any claim arising from the combined transport carriage, the Carrier shall be automatically subrogated to or given all rights of the Merchant against all others including pre-carrier or on-carrier or Sub-contractor on account of such loss or damage. Nothing herein contained shall be deemed a waiver of any rights that the Carrier may have against a pre-carrier or on-carrier or Sub-contractor for indemnity or otherwise.
(1)港到港运输 如果填注本提单正面第6、7、8栏，而不填注第4、5、9栏，本提单便是港到港契约。承运人应自其在装货港收到货物之时起即作为承运人而对货物负责，直至在卸货港将货物交与货方或按当地法律或规章要求交与有关当局之时为止，二者之中以先发生者为准。
(2)联合运输 如果填注本提单正面的第4、第5及（或）第9栏，而且该栏中所述地点或港口乃是除第7栏及第8栏所列者以外的地点或港口，并已就联合运输支付运费，本提单便是联合运输提单。承运人负责安排或组织落实联合运输中的前一程运输以及（或）续程运输。所有由于联合运输而引起的索赔必须在交付货物之日或应当交付货物之日之后九个月内向承运人提出，否则承运人便应被解除其关于货物的任何责任。如果承运人已就因联合运输而引起的任何索赔向货方支付任何款项，承运人便应自然而然地以代位关系而取得或被赋予货方针对所有其他人包括前一程承运人或续程承运人或分立契约人就此项灭失或损害而享有的权利。
本款所载任何规定都不得视为承运人针对前一程承运人或续程承运人或分立契约人就赔偿或其他事项所享有的任何权利的放弃。
本条第1款和下文第22条第4款都提到将货物交付给除提单的合法持有人以外的港口当局的情况，这一规定是考虑到某些地区例如南美部分国家由海关负责放货的惯例。
本条第二款实际上涵盖了两种情况，即水水联运和多式联运。本款确定了多式联运下九个月的索赔时效，即索赔应当在货物交付后9个月内向承运人提出，否则承运人便被免除任何有关货物的责任，这一规定的目的仅仅是为适应某些国家关于内陆承运人9个月的责任期限，比如美国Carmack Amendments of the United States Interstate Commerce Act规定: 内陆承运人的责任期限是九个月，而绝非要降低海商法中规定的海上货物运输索赔的1年讼时效的规定。在实践中往往要根据多式联运中的损失发生区段来作具体分析，比如损失发生在海运段或不能确定则还是应当适用1年的时效。
本条款规定了不同运输方式下承运人对货物的责任期间，与提单正面关于运输开始和结束地点的栏目相对应，使得本提单既可以作为海运提单应用于传统的港到港运输，也可以作为多式联运提单应用于多式联运运输。总的来讲，承运人对于货物的责任期间都是由承运人接收货物时开始到交付货物时为止的承运人掌管货物的期间，这是与海商法关于集装箱货物的责任期间的规定相一致的。
5. NOTICE OF CLAIM AND TIME BAR 索赔通知及时效
(1) Unless notice of loss or damage is given in writing to the Carrier's agent at the Port of Discharge or Place of Delivery before or on the date of delivery of the Goods, or if loss or damage is not apparent, within 15 consecutive days thereafter, such delivery shall be prima facie evidence of the delivery of the Goods by the Carrier and/or on-carrier in the order and condition described in this Bill of Lading.
(2) The Carrier, its servants, agents and Sub-contractors shall be discharged from all liabilities whatsoever
unless suit is brought within one year after the delivery of the Goods or the date when the Goods should have been delivered.
(1)除非已在卸货港或交货地点于交货之日以前或交货之日向承运人的代理人提出关于灭失或损害的书面通知，或在灭失或损害不明显时，在交货之日以后15个连续日之内提出上述书面通知，此项交付便应是承运人及（或）续程承运人按本提单所述状况及条件交付货物的初步证据。
(2)除在交付货物或应交付货物之日起一年之内提起诉讼，承运人、其受雇人、代理人及分立契约人便应被解除一切责任。
本条依照海商法规定了货物灭失或损害时货方向承运人提出索赔的方式及时效。
第一款实际上是强调了当货方在提取货物时未提出货物灭失或损坏通知时，则是承运人已完好交付货物的初步证据；对于货物损坏不明显时，则要求货物应在交付后连续15天内向承运人提出书面通知，否则同样作为承运人已完好交付货物的初步证据。所谓初步证据就是指承运人交付货物、货方未提出异议，初步表明已承运人已完好地履行了运输合同的义务，除非货方可以提出更加充分有力的相反证据以证明承运人应当对货物的灭失或损害承担责任，否则承运人不承担任何责任。这从本质上讲是一个举证责任移转的问题，即当承运人以完好交付货物的初步证据进行抗辩时，货方就对货物的灭失或损害负有了更加严格的举证责任。这种规定实际上是为了船货双方的共同利益考虑的，只有及时提出问题，才能及时收集到翔实充分的客观证据。另外还应指出的是海商法第82条规定货方对于迟延交付的索赔应当在货物交付60日内提出，否则承运人不负任何赔偿责任，这里的60日未提出索赔是绝对的证据，日后提出的任何相反的证据都不足以证明承运人对迟延交付应当承担责任。
本条第二款规定了诉讼时效，本提单适用海商法关于海上货物运输合同诉讼时效为一年的规定，超过诉讼时效货方向承运人提起的诉讼就丧失了胜诉权，诉讼时效的起算是由承运人交付货物或应当交付货物的时间开始。当然在一些情况下时效也会中断或延展，需要特别指出的是依照海商法第267条的规定，这里的1年诉讼时效不会因货方仅仅提出请求而中断。货方如果没有在一年中解决与承运人的货物运输纠纷的话，他只有在这一年内通过提起诉讼等手段才可能中断诉讼时效。1年的诉讼时效与一般民法的规定相比起来是属于短期时效，为大家的共同利益考虑，各相关方应积极收集证据，提早调查，这样也便于向最终有关责任方进行追偿。
6. LOSS OR DAMAGE 灭失或损害
(1) The terms of this Bill of Lading shall at all times govern all responsibilities of the Carrier in connection with or arising out of the carriage of the Goods not only during the carriage, but also during the period prior to and/or subsequent to the carriage. The exemptions from liability, defenses and limitation of liability provided for herein or otherwise shall apply in any action against the Carrier for loss or damage or delay, howsoever occurring and whether the action be founded in contract or in tort and even if the loss, damage or delay arose as a result of unseaworthiness, negligence or fundamental breach of contract. Save as is otherwise provided herein, the Carrier shall in no circumstances whatsoever and howsoever arising be liable for direct or indirect or consequential loss or damage or loss of profits.
(2) The Carrier does not undertake that the Goods will be transported from or loaded at the place of receipt or loading or will arrive at the place of discharge, destination or transshipment aboard any particular vessel or other conveyance at any particular date or time or to meet any particular market or in time for any particular use. Scheduled or advertised departure and arrival times are only expected times and may be advanced or delayed if the Carrier shall find it necessary, prudent or convenient. The Carrier shall in no circumstances whatsoever and howsoever arising be liable for direct, indirect or consequential loss or damage caused by delay.
(3) If the stage of the combined transport during which loss or damage occurred can be determined, the liability of the Carrier shall be governed by the national law(s) and/or international convention(s) applicable thereto. If the stage of the combined transport during which loss or damage occurred cannot be determined, the Merchant and the Carrier agree that it shall be deemed that the loss or damage occurred aboard the Carrier's Vessel. In either case, clauses 5(2) and 7 shall apply.
(1)本提单的条款应在所有时间都对承运人就其因运输货物而产生的责任加以管辖，不仅在运输期间，而且在运输之前及运输之后，都是如此。本提单所载或其他关于免除责任、抗辩及责任限制等项，都应在就灭失、损害或延误事件而向承运人提起的任何诉讼中适用，而且不论该项诉讼是基于合同纠纷或侵权行为而提起，即使此项灭失、损害或延误乃是由于不适航、疏忽或根本违约而产生亦然。除本提单中另有规定外，承运人不论在任何情况下亦不论其产生原因为何，对因延误造成的直接、间接或随之发生的
灭失或损害或利润损失，概不承担责任。
(2)承运人不保证，货物在某一特定日期或时间，也不保证为满足某一特定市场，或为某一特定用途而自接货或装运地点起运，准时运抵卸货地点、目的地或转运到某一特定船舶或其他运输工具上。船期表上或广告上的离港及抵港时间只是预计时间，如果承运人认为必要，为慎重或便利起见，可将该时间提前或拖后。承运人在任何情况下，不论是如何发生，对因延误造成的直接、间接或随之发生的灭失或损害概不负责。
(3)如果能对联合运输过程中发生灭失或损害所属阶段加以判明，承运人的责任便应适用该阶段的国内法或国际公约。如果在联合运输过程中发生灭失或损害的阶段无法判明，则货方与承运人商定，应将此项灭失或损害视为发生在承运人的船上。无论属于上述何种情况，均应适用第5条(2)款及第7条中的规定。
第一款有了两方面的含义。首先是强调了提单条款在任何情况下均适用于由本提单构成或证明的运输合同，本提单中包涵的条款作为约定条款对船货双方都是有约束力的，并且再次强调不论是合同之诉还是侵权之诉都应依据本提单条款中的规定。其次依照海商法规定了承运人对未经约定的迟延交付造成的损失是不负赔偿责任的，按照海商法只有在船货双方事先对承运期作了明确的约定而承运人也确实违约时，承运人才会对可预见的损失负责，并且这种赔偿也是以运费为限的。本款的规定正是以此为根据作了细化的规定。
第二款是强调船期表上公布的船期并不构成法律上的承诺。我们印制的船期中都有明确声明“本船期表仅作参考” ，在本款中也特别指出“船期表上或广告上的离港及抵港时间只是预计时间，?，可将该时间提前或拖后。”。为客户提供最优质的服务始终是我们追求的目标，但海运中的确存在许多人力不可抗拒和控制的因素，例如恶劣的自然条件、战争的爆发等，在这种条件下要作到准班率100%确实是十分困难的。按照民商法的原理，船期表的公告实际上只是构成了一种要因，对船货双方并不具有合同的约束力。如果货方因贸易的需要确实要保证船期，这就需要货方与承运人进行明确约定，倘若承运人违反约定，承运人当然会依迟延交付的规定承担责任。
第三款是针对于多式联运情况下承运人的责任的规定，体现了国际上通行的多式联运经营人的“网状责任制”的制度，同时还规定了在损失不能确定是发生在哪个区段时适用海运的法律、惯例规范责任，这都是与海商法的规定保持一致的。之所以在货物灭失或损坏发生区段不能确定时就适用国际海运段关于承运人的赔偿责任和责任限制，是因为一方面国际海运段的规定还是比较公允的，另一方面国际海运段的风险较高又在运输中是主要区段。
本条款就由本提单所构成或证明的运输合同中承运人责任问题作了进一步的规定。海运一直是一个高风险的行业，同时又在国际商贸中起十分重要的作用，而且班轮承运人是带有公共运输性质的承运人，除了受到自然环境，技术水平等因素的限制外，还会有法律，习惯等诸多社会环境的影响，所以为了促进和鼓励海运的健康发展，国际上及各国的法律法规基本上都对承运人的合法权益给予一定的保护。本条各款都是遵循海商法有关承运人的最低限责任和义务的规定而制定的。
7. LIMITATION OF LIABILITY责任限制
(1) Except as provided for in Clause 7(2), this Bill of Lading shall be subject to the provisions of the Maritime Code of the People's Republic of China as provided for in Clause 26(1). Neither the Carrier, its servants, agents, Sub-contractors nor the Vessel shall in any event be liable for any loss or damage to the Goods in any amount exceeding the limits per package or unit prescribed by that Code, unless the nature and value of the Goods have been declared by the Merchant before shipment and inserted in this Bill of Lading (Box 10) and the Merchant has paid additional Freight on such declared value.
(2) Where carriage includes carriage to or from or through a port or place in the United States of America, this Bill of Lading shall be subject to the provisions of the United States Carriage of Goods by Sea Act, 1936 (US COGSA) and any amendments thereto, as provided for in Clause 26(2) hereof. In such event, neither the Carriers nor its servants, agents, Sub-contractors and/or the Vessel shall in any event be liable for any loss of or damage to the Goods in an amount exceeding the limits per package or unit prescribed by US COGSA, unless the nature and value of the Goods have been declared by the Merchant before shipment and inserted in this Bill of Lading (Box 10) and the Merchant has paid additional Freight on such declared value.
(3) If a legal regime other than the Maritime Code of the People's Republic of China or US COGSA is compulsorily applied to this Bill of Lading, the liability of the Carrier, if any, shall not exceed the limits per Package or Shipping Unit prescribed
therein, unless the nature and value of the Goods have been declared by the Merchant and inserted in this Bill
篇三：英文“非常需要”怎么说
外教一对一
英文“非常需要”怎么说?
I could really use a... 我非常需要?
工作到下午困到不行，你非常需要一杯咖啡，试试翻译这句话：
我真需要一杯咖啡。
答案：I could really use a coffee/a cup of coffee. 我真需要一杯咖啡。
大部分人都经历过倒霉的事，请翻译：
今天太倒霉了。没什么事儿是顺心的。我非常需要一个拥抱。
答案：I've had a bad day. Nothing went my way. I could really use a hug. 今天太倒霉了。没什么事儿是顺心的。我非常需要一个拥抱。
有的时候事儿太多了，来翻译一下：
我要做的事儿太多了，很难计划。我真需要一个助理。
答案：I have so much to do that it's hard to keep organized. I could really use an assistant. 我要做的事儿太多了，很难计划。我真需要一个助理。
文章来源：
免费论文网友情提示：本网站所有内容为共享上传提供，不涉及任何商业利益，本站对此不承担任何保证责任！
Copyright © www.csmayi.cn Corporation, All Rights Reserved 共享时代 共享你我他 版权所有