篇一：全新版大学英语综合教程4课后习题答案
全新版大学英语综合教程4课后习题答案
Unit 1
I. Vocabulary
1.
1) alliance2) at the cost of
3) stroke 4) limp
5) minus 6) regions
7) declarations 8) siege
9) raw10) bide his time
11) have taken their toll 12) in the case of
2.
1) is faced with2) get bogged down
3) is pressing on / pressed on4) drag on
5) get by 6) dine out
7) have cut back 8) get through
3.
1) The rapid advance in gene therapy may lead to the conquest of cancer in the near future.
2) Production in many factories has been brought to a halt by the delayed arrival of raw materials due to the dock workers’ strike.
3) Sara has made up her mind that her leisure interests will/should never get in the way of her career.
4) Obviously the reporter's question caught the foreign minister off guard.
5) The introduction of the electronic calculator has rendered the slide rule out of date.
4.
1) Being faced with an enemy forces much superior to ours, we had to give up the occupation of big cities and retreat to the rural and mountainous regions to build up our bases.
2) Unity is crucial to the efficient operation of an organization. Failure to reckon with this problem will weaken its strength. In many cases, work may be brought to a halt by constant internal struggle in an organization.
3) The Red Army fought a heroic battle at Stalingrad and won the decisive victory against the Germans.In fact, this battle turned the tide in the Second World War. During this famous battle, the Soviet troops withstood the German siege and weakened the German army by launching a series of counterattacks.
II. More Synonyms in Context
1) During the First World War, battles occurred here and there over vast areas. Some of the most dramatic fighting took place in the gloomy trenches of France and Belgium.
2) Elizabeth made careful preparations for the interview and her efforts / homework paid off.
3) I spent hours trying to talk him into accepting the settlement, but he turned a deaf ear to all my words.
4)Pneumonia had severely weakened her body, and I wondered how her fragile body could
withstand the harsh weather.
III. Usage
1) But often it is not until we fall ill that we finally learn to appreciate good health.
2) A rich old lady lay dead at home for two weeks—and nobody knew anything about it.
3) It's said he dropped dead from a heart attack when he was at work.
4) Don't sit too close to the fire to keep warm—you could easily get burned, especially if you fall asleep.
5) In those days people believed in marrying young and having children early.
6) Little Tom was unable to sit still for longer than a few minutes.
Structure
1.
1) To his great delight, Dr. Deng discovered two genes in wild rice that can increase the yield by 30 percent.
2) To her great relief, her daughter had left the building before it collapsed.
3) To our disappointment, our women's team lost out to the North Koreans.
4) We think, much to our regret, that we will not be able to visit you during the coming Christmas. 2.
1) These birds nest in the vast swamps (which lie to the) east of the Nile.
2) By 1948, the People's Liberation Army had gained control of the vast areas north of the Yangtze River.
3) Michelle was born in a small village in the north of France, but came to live in the United States at the age of four.
4) The Columbia River rises in western Canada and continues/runs through the United States for about 1,900 kilometers west of the Rocky Mountains.
Comprehensive Exercises
I. Cloze
(A)
1. invasion
3. Conquest
5. launching
7. campaign 9. reckon with
(B)
1. allow
3. highly
5. rapidly
7. delivery
9. observing
2. stand in the way 4. catching... off his guard 6. declaration 8. drag on 10. bringing...to a halt 2..reckoned 4.forecasts 6.instant 8.advantage 10.Powerful
II. Translation
1) Mr. Doherty and his family are currently engaged in getting the autumn harvest in on the farm.
2) We must not underestimate the enemy. They are equipped with the most sophisticated weapons.
3) Having been cut of a job/Not having had a job for 3months, Phil is getting increasingly desperate.
4) Sam, as the project manager, is decisive, efficient, and accurate in his judgment.
5) Since the chemical plant was identified as the source of solution, the village neighborhood committee decided to close it down at the cost of 100 jobs.
The offensive had already lasted three days, but we had not gained much ground. Our troops engaging the enemy at the front were faced with strong/fierce/stiff resistance. The division commander instructed our battalion to get around to the rear of the enemy and launch a surprise attack. To do so, however, we had to cross a marshland and many of us were afraid we might get bogged down in the mud. Our battalion commander decided to take a gamble. We started under cover of darkness and pressed on in spite of great difficulties. By a stroke of luck, the temperature at night suddenly dropped to minus 20 degrees Celsius and the marsh froze over. Thanks to the cold weather, we arrived at our destination before dawn and began attacking the enemy from the rear. This turned the tide of the battle. The enemy, caught off guard, soon surrendered.
Unit 2
I. Vocabulary
1.
1.expansion 2. automated 3. vapor 4. take control of
5. hazards 6. satellite 7.vibrated 8.magnetic
9. bunched 10. in the air 11. got stuck in12.approximately
2.
1. send out 2. stand up for 3. pass for
5. starting up 8. fall into 4. were closing in on 6. went through7. fill out
3.
1) the application, remote, has turned into a reality, are poised to
2) that vibrate, can detect, frequency
3) lanes, are mounted in, alert a, hazard
II. Word formation
Kilogram
Memorandum
Gymnasium
Liberation
Doctor
Veterinarian Medical care Electronic mail Communications satellite News broadcast Sky hijack European dollar
Preparatory Breakfast and lunch
Television broadcast
Oxford and Cambridge Automobile influenza
III. Usage
1) swimming pool
2 ) drawing board
3 ) eiched Middle English
4 ) disturbing change
5 ) fully developed prototype
6 ) Canned foods
7 ) working population
8 ) puzzling differences
Comprehensive Exercises
I. Cloze
1) computerized 2) start up 3) be poised to 4) alert
5) hazards6) monotonous 7) take control of8) steer
9) lane 10) decrease 11) calculate12) eliminate
13) getting stuck in 14) mounted15) detect 16) vapor
1) generates 2) related 3) revolutionized4) enabled
5) opportunities 6) overall 7)manufacturing8) dependent
9) interact 10) fatalities
II. Translation
1) There was an unusual quietness in the air, except for the sound of artillery in the distance.
2) The expansion of urban areas in some African countries has been causing a significant fall in living standards and an increase in social problems.
3) The research shows that atmospheric carbon dioxide levels are closely correlated with global temperatures.
4) The frequency of the bus service has been improved from 15 to 12 minute recently.
5) The diver stood on the edge of the diving board, poised to jump at the signal from the coach.
Automobiles have, since their invention, revolutionized transportation, changing forever the way people live, travel, and do business. On the other hand, they have brought hazards, especially
highway fatalities. However, today the application of computer technology and electronic sensors in designing and manufacturing cars makes it possible to eliminate most of traffic accidents. For
example, electronic sensors mounted in your car can detect alcohol vapor in the air and refuse to start up the engine. They can also monitor road conditions by receiving radio signals sent out from orbiting satellites and greatly reduce your chances of getting stuck in traffic jams.
Unit 3
I. Vocabulary
1) rude2) physically3) structure 4) made a difference
5) blurted (out) 6) chuckling 7) Measurable 8) prospective
9) preparations 10) Sparkled 11) took a crack at 12) partner
1) go after 2) look back at/on3) be put up 4) stood for
5) build in 6) follow up 7) be hooked up to 8) closed up
1) grilled her about where she had been all night
2) beyond Cinderella’s wildest dreams that she could one day dance in the King’s palace
3) will be in readers' hands soon
4) do your homework before going on an interview.
5) was in the neighborhood of 150 dollars.
1）applicants, veteran, the prospective
2）From his standpoint, has made every endeavor to goafter
3) as the saying goes, to have a crack at, barely
1. Behave 2. used to avoid repetition 3. clean
4. get along 5. perform/complete 6. perform/complete
7. Study 8. be enough 9. be acceptable
Structure
1. There is so much to say and it is hard to know where to begin.OK,I’ll talk about myself first.
2. Thank you very much, John, for your beautiful Christmas card. By the way, I have something here for you.
3. The new computer language can be quite easily understood by anyone who can read the daily newspaper.Now, why is this an advantage?
4. I’m going to work out the outline and will let you know how it goes.By the way, I will see you in February, as I plan to attend your seminar in Shanghai.
5. OK, you got the job.Now, how to maximize your profits with as little effort as possible?
6. Chris is back from Australia.Incidentally, those pictures you sent me are wonderful.
Comprehensive Exercises
I. Cloze
(1) Prospective (2)As I see it
(3) done your homework (4) beforehand
(5) Endeavor (6) structure
(7) Partners (8) Respond
(9) take a crack (10) from the standpoint
(11) make a difference (12) follow up
篇二：全新版大学英语综合教程4课后答案
Unit 1Text A
Language Sense Enhancement
1. the fierce resistance 2. the long march 3. the devastating enemy 4. bleak 5. launched 6. military might 7. mowed down 8. campaign 9. a painful lesson 10. the aid
Language Focus
Vocabulary
I.
1. 1) alliance 2)at the cost of 3) stroke 4)limp 5)minus 6) regions 7) declaration 8) siege 9) raw 10) bide his time 11) have taken their toll 12) in the case of
2. 1) is faced with 2)get bogged down 3) is pressing on/pressed on 4) drag on 5) get by 6)dine out 7) have cut back 8) get through
3. 1) head to the conquest of cancer in the near future
2) has been brought to a halt by the delayed arrival of raw materials due to the dock worker’s strike
3) will/should never get in the way of her career
4) caught the foreign minister off guard
5) of the electronic calculator has rendered the slide rule out of date/obsolete
4. 1) Being faced with/the occupation of/regions
2) crucial to/efficient/to reckon with/weaken/be brought to a halt
3) a heroic/the decisive/turned the tide/siege/by launching
II. More Synonyms in the Context
1) During the First World War, battles occurred here and there over vast areas. Some of the most 2) 3) I spent hours trying to talk him into accepting the settlement, but he turned a deaf ear to all my 4) Pneumonia had severely weakened her body, and I wondered how her fragile body could
III. Usage
1) fall ill 2) lay dead from a heart attack 3) dropped dead from a heart attack 4) fell asleep
5) marrying young 6) to sit still for longer than a few minutes
Comprehensive Exercises
I.
1. 1) invasion 2) stand in the way 3) catching…off his guard 4) launching 5) declaration
6) campaign 7) drag on 8) reckon with 9) bringing 10) to al halt
2. 1) allow 2) reckoned3) highly 4) forecasts 5) rapidly 6) instant 7) delivery 8) advantage 9) observing 10) powerful
II.
1. 1) Mr. Doherty and his family are currently engaged in getting the autumn harvest in on the
farm.
2) We must not underestimate the enemy. They are equipped with the most sophisticated weapons.
3) Having been out of a job for 3 months, Phil is increasingly getting desperate.
4) Sam, as the project manager is decisive, efficient and accurate in his judgment.
5) Since the chemical plant was identified as a source of pollution, the village neighborhood committee decided to close it at the cost of 100 jobs.
2. The offensive had lasted three days, but we had not gained much ground. The division
commander instructed our battalion to get around to the rear of the enemy at night and launch a surprise attack. To do this we have to cross a marshland, and many of us were afraid we might get bogged down in the mud. Our battalion commander decided to take a gamble. Luckily enough, thanks to the severely cold weather which had made the marshland freeze over, we arrived our destination before dawn and began attacking the enemy from the rear. This had turned the tide of the battle. The enemy, caught off guard, soon surrendered.
Unit 2Text A
Language Sense Enhancement
1. care2. impact 3. orbiting satellites 4. warn of 5. location 6. at any given time 7. vibrate
8. detected 9. calculate 10. converted
Language Focus
Vocabulary
I.
4. 1) expansion 2) automated 3) vapor 4)take control of 5) hazards 6) satellite 7) vibrated
8) magnetic 9) bunched 10) in the air 11) got/was stuck in 12) approximately
5. 1) send out 2) stand up for 3) pass for 4) were closing in on 5)starting up6)went
through 7) fill out 8) fall into
6. 1) incorporates all the latest safety features
2) two trees ten feet apart
3) awarding lucrative contracts to his construction firm
4) the prototype of a new model before they set up a factory to make the cars
5) are correlated in all racial groups
4. 1) the application/ has turned into a reality/ are poised to
2) that vibrate/can detect/frequency
3) lanes/are mounted in/alert a /hazard
II. Word Formation
Clipped Words: kilogram/memorandum/gymnasium/liberation/doctor/veterinarian/preparatory/ automobile/influenza
Blends: medical care/electronic mail/communications satellite/news broadcast/sky hijack/
European dollar/breakfast and lunch/television broadcast/Oxford and Cambridge
III. Usage
1) swimming pool 2) drawing board 3) eiched Middle English 4) disturbing change 5) fully developed prototype 6) canned food 7) working population 8) puzzling differences
Comprehensive Exercises
I.
3. 1) computerized 2) start up 3) be poised to 4) alert 5) hazards 6) monotonous 7) take
control of 8) steer 9) lane 10) decrease 11) calculate 12) getting stuck in 14) mounted 15) detect 16) vapor
4. 1) generates 2) related3)revolutionized 4) enable 5) opportunities 6) overall 7)
manufacturing 8) dependent 9) interact 10) fatalities
II.
3. 1) There was an unusual quietness in the air, except for the sound of artillery in the distance.
2) The expansion of urban areas in some African countries has been causing a significant fall in living standards and an increase in social problems
3) The research shows that atmospheric carbon dioxide levels are closely correlated with global temperatures
4) The frequency of the bus service has been improved from 15 to 12 minute recently.
5) The diver stood on the edge of the diving board, poised to jump at the signal from the coach.
4. Automobiles have, since their invention, revolutionized transportation, changing forever the
way people travel, and do business. On the other hand, they have brought hazards, especially highway fatalities. However, today the application of computer technology and electronic sensors in designing and manufacturing cars makes it possible to eliminate most of traffic accidents. For example, electronic sensors mounted in your car can detect alcohol vapor in the air and refuse to start up the engine. They can also monitor road conditions by receiving radio signals sent out from orbiting satellites and greatly reduce your chances of getting stuck in traffic jams.
Unit 3
Key to Part II Reading Task
Content Questions:
Pair Work:
1. He runs a manufacturing company.
2. Almost all of them were no.
3. This applicant was ill prepared for the job he was applying for and therefore
ill qualified.
4. Prepare to win.
5. They now have to switch jobs frequently.
6. A 90-year-old player who wanted to work on his weakness – backhand court.
7. Believe in yourself, even when no one else does.
8. Because he will mention a cab driver who is different.
9. His efforts to make a difference.
10. He was offered a ride on a day when Minnesota was hit with one of the worst snowstorms in years and the international airport there was closed for the first time in decades.
11. Because there were no tracks left in the snow, which means he was the first person to take off from there.
12. Carlson was excited about being first, which is exactly what the writer recommends to job applicants.
Text Organization:
1.
Part One. Paras. 1-6: An ill-prepared college graduate failed his interview. Part Two. Paras 7-27: Four pieces of advice on being a successful interviewee. Part Three. Paras 28-31: Make your own tracks in whatever you do.
2.Suggestions Examples
1) Prepare to win 1) Michael Jordan
2) Never stop learning 2) a 90-year-old tennis player
3) Believe in yourself, even when3) the four-minute mile, the New York
No one else does.Marathon and the Vietnam veteran
4) Find a way to make a difference4) a New York cabdriver
Language Sense Enhancement:
(1) checked with(2) interview(3) grill (4) clippings
(5) be right for(6) follow up (7) indicating (8) hand-delivered
(9) prepared (10) prospective
Vocabulary:
I.
1. Fill in the gaps with words or phrases given in the box. Change the form where necessary.
1) rude 2) physically3) structure4) made a difference
5) blurted (out) 6) chuckling7) measurable 8) prospective
9) preparations 10) sparkled11) took a crack at 12) partner
2. Use the verb in the brackets to form an appropriate phrasal verb you have learned
and complete the sentence with it.
1) go after2) look back on/at 3) be put up4) stood for
5) build in6) follow up7) be hooked up to 8) closed up
3. Rewrite each sentence with the word or phrase in the brackets, keeping the same meaning.
1) grilled her about where she had been all night.
2) beyond Cinderella’s wildest dreams that she could one day dance in the King’s palace.
3) will be in readers’ hands soon
4) do your homework before going on an interview
5) was in the neighborhood of 150 dollars
4. Complete the sentences, using the words or phrases in brackets.
1) applicants; veteran; the prospective
2) From his standpoint; has made every endeavor to go after
3) as the saying goes; to have a crack at; barely
II. Words with Multiple Meanings
1. behave
2. keep (used to avoid repetition)
3. clean
4. get along
5. perform/complete
6. perform/complete
7. study
8. be enough
9. be acceptable
III. Usage:
1. There is so much to say and it is hard to know where to begin. OK,I’ll talk about myself first.
2. Thank you very much, John, for your beautiful Christmas card. By the way, I have something here for you.
3. The new computer language can be quite easily understood by anyone who can read the daily newspaper. Now, why is this an advantage?
4. I’m going to work out the outline and will let you know how it goes. By the way,I will see you in February, as I plan to attend your seminar in Shanghai.
5. OK, you got the job. Now, how to maximize your profits with as little effort as possible?
6. Chris is back from Australia. Incidentally, those pictures you sent me are wonderful.
Comprehensive Exercises:
I. Cloze.
1. Text-related:
篇三：全新版大学英语综合教程4-短语
Unit One
Useful Expressions
1. 骄兵必败 pride comes before a fall
2. 战无不胜 nothing could stand in their way
3. 奋勇抵抗 fierce resistance
4. 阴冷凄苦的俄罗斯寒冬 a raw, bitter, bleak Russian winter
5. 堪称无敌
6. 向…发动进攻
7. 痛苦的教训
8. 速决速胜
9. 让某人吃惊的是
10. 面临着一个重要抉择
11. 孤注一掷
12. 激战
13. 向…提出停战
14. 等待时机
15. 成为一场噩梦
16. 拖着脚步行进
17. 溃不成军的幸存者
18. 不宣而战
19. 闪电式战略
20. “焦土”政策
21. 处境变得危急
22. 食品匮乏
23. 死于饥饿与疾病
24. 食品和补给的匮乏
Unit two
Useful Expressions
计算机革命
制造业
长途司机
被严重低估
威胁生命的重大隐患
解决问题
积极的影响
与无线电信号调谐
在任何一个特定时间
量子理论法则
精确的频率
发出无线电信号
换算出
导航能力 be unequaled launch an attack against… a painful lesson a quick, decisive victory to sb.'s surprise be faced with a crucial decision take the gamble fierce battle offer a truce to bide one’s time turn into a nightmare drag on the tattered survivors without a declaration of war lightning war “scorch the earth” the situation becomes desperate food runs outdie from hunger and disease a lack of food and supplies the computer revolution manufacturing industrylong-distance driver be grossly underestimatedlife-threatening hazardcure the problem a positive impactbe tuned to radio signalsat any given timethe laws of the quantum theory precise frequency send out a radio signal be converted intonavigational capability
几乎无限
手杖
遥控
潜在的应用
要求
完全控制
被编成组
一齐行驶
对环保有利
virtually limitless walking sticks remote control potential use / application call for take complete control of be bunched into groups travel in union environmental boon Unit three
Useful Expressions
1. 模拟面试mock interview
2. 采取进一步行动 follow up
3. 在某人手中，为某人所拥有in sb’s hands
4. 亲手送交的hand-delivered
5. 可能的客户prospective customers
6. 在我看来as I see it
7. 俗话说 (as) the saying goes
8. 极有可能the odds are good that
9. 一生中仅有一次的经历 a once-in-a-lifetime experience
10.事先做好准备 do one’s homework
11.努力争取，追求 go after
12.交换场地switch sides
13.发扬长处develop one’s strengths
14.尝试 take/have a crack (at)
15.奇迹中的奇迹miracle of miracles
16.实现你的目标 accomplish your goals
17.改变现状或观点；产生影响make a difference
18.大约 in the neighborhood of
19.做梦也想不到的 beyond one’s/anyone’s wildest dreams
20.从……的观点来看from one’s/the standpoint (of)
Unit four
Useful Expressions
1. 扫除
2. 寻找
3. 国家认同
4. 狂热信徒sweep aside in search of national identity a fervent believer
5. 认为 identify… as
6. 毫不迟疑without any hesitation
7. 国际商业精英 international business élite
8. 少数几位a handful of
9. 没完没了的认真的讨论endless earnest discussion
10. 资本、劳动力和技术的流动 flow of capital, labor and technology
11. 最佳地点the most advantageous locations
12. 全球超级物种 global superspecies
13. 与…渐行渐远 increasingly divorce from
14. 文化断层 cultural fault line
15. 处于…的前沿 at the forefront of
16. 开辟一条通向…的道路beat a path to
17. 一个创新的卓越环境a remarkable environment of innovation
18. 根据对各国人口和经济增长的预计
be based on projections of demographic and economic growth
19. 从…脱离 swing away from
20. 低薪流动劳工 low-paid migrant workers
21. 医疗保健体系 health care system
22. 跨国界经营 cross-border business
23. 更别提 let alone 24. 狭隘民族主义 a narrow nationalism
Unit five
Useful Expressions
1. 耸耸肩shrug one’s shoulders
2. 自大 great vanity
3. 让某人大吃一惊 give sb. a great surprise
4. 听某人亲口讲述 from sb. own lips
5. 衣着整洁素雅 be neatly and quietly dressed
6. 合乎某人的年龄和身份 in accordance with one’s age and station
7. 玩桥牌play bridge
8. 和睦恩爱的一家人a united and affectionate family
9. 年轻时in one’s youth
10. 点头致意nod a greeting
11. 对…有一种本能 have an instinct about …
12. 两颊白里透红 pink-and-white cheeks
13. 和善地咯咯一笑 give a kindly chuckle
14. 勉强地/欣然地 with a bad/good grace
15. 一文不名go broke
16. 穷困潦倒 be down and out
17. 自杀commit suicide
18. 由于on account of
19. 吃一惊 be taken aback
20. 身体状况不好/好 in bad/good condition
21. 祝某人好运wish sb. good luck
22. 临阵脱逃 funk it at the last moment
23.喝酒作乐把身体搞垮 ruin one’s constitution by drink and
dissipation
24. 对付不了 more than one can manage
25. 拿我自己来说 for my own part
26. 红红的脸上布满皱纹
27. 拿我自己来说
28. 红红的脸上布满皱纹
Unit six
1. 吞噬 eat into
2. 困于交通堵塞stuck in traffic jams
3. 越洋购物旅行the
4. 在大多数情况下 in most cases
5. 使…摆脱 free sb. from
6. 个人的穿着打扮 personal grooming
7. 处理软件故障fix software glitches
8. 除去技术发展technology apart
9. 信息爆炸 the information explosion
10. 感到时间紧迫
11. 从世界各个角落from every corner of the world
12. 在整个世界学术界 in the whole world of scholarship
13. 在…的推动下 driven on by
14. 无休止的选择
15. 适用于 apply to
16. 预测小组forecasting group
17. 分配不均匀 be unevenly distributed
18. 抚养子女nurture offspring
19. 做有报酬的工作take paying jobs
20. 家务杂活household chores
21. 越做越大的市场a growth market
22. 家政服务concierge services
23. 更充分的利用 make better use of
24. 工业革命industrial revolution
25. 注定 be doomed to
Unit seven
1. plot out
2. plunge into a red face much wrinkled for my own parta red face much wrinkled transatlantic shopping expeditionfeel time-pressed endless choice 遮蔽 使陷入
3. Kamikaze attack
4. think back on/to
5. in crystal detail
6. in the aftermath of
7. a handful of people
8. sap one's strength and hope
9. a particular explosive coup
10. in convoy
11. point fingers at
12. round up
13. bring down
14. fade the memory of
15. mourn the thousands who perished
16. a thin silver of history
17. in / within the space of
18. fill / step into sb.’s shoes
19. remain haunted by
20. pick at
21. revolve around
22. cling to 自杀性袭击 回顾 详细（清晰）地 在…刚结束之后，紧跟着几个人 消耗力量 一场特别猛烈的政变 结队（而行） 指责 围捕 使倒下，击落；降低 磨灭…记忆 哀悼数千名死者历史薄薄的一页在…期间内接替某人的职位 无法摆脱 触摸，轻轻拉扯 围绕…旋转 粘住，抱紧，坚持
Unit eight
1. 偏远之地 out-of-the-way place
2. 在源头on the headwaters
3. 在密密的树叶间in deep-leaved shadow
4. 在空地上 across the clearing
5. 一会儿…一会儿 be alternately doing…and doing…
6. 喜形于色with open delight
7. 自由作家a freelance writer
8. 停顿了一下after a pause
9. 不妨 might as well
10. 感受一下 get a feel for
11. 忽而飞进阳光里，忽而飞入树荫里 dart in and out of the light
12. 肉质鲜美的鱼sweet-meated fish
13. 在河里沐浴bathe in the river
14. 惊讶地 be startled to do sth.
15. 一眼望去 at eye level
16. 有部分印第安血统的向导 part-Indian guide
17. 偏离目标 miss the target
18. 从表象看事物see things by their effects
19. 落幕 ring down the curtain
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