篇一：高考虚拟语气用法详解
高考虚拟语气用法详解
一·语气概述
和时态语态一样，语气也是谓语动词的一种形式，它表明说话者的目的和意图。英语中有三种语气：陈述语气，祈使语气和虚拟语气。（有的语法书说语气有四种，即还包括疑问语气）。
eg：①He doesn’t see very well in his right eye .他右眼视力不太好。（陈述
eg：①If I were you ,I would reconsider their advice .如果我是你的话，我会重新考虑他们的意见。（与现在事实相反）
②You would not have caught a cold if you had put on more clothes .如果你多穿了些衣服，你就不会得感冒了。（与过去事实相反）
③If I were to / should do it ,I would do it in different way .如果我做这件事，我将用不同的方法做。（与将来事实相反）
注意:在非正式文体中，如果If 条件句中有助动词were ,should ,had 可将其提于主语之前（位于句首），再把If省掉，即形成部分倒装。
子会大笑起来的。
②Given more time and money ,he could have done it better than what it is .如果给更多的时间和钱的话，他会把事情做得比现在更好。
D. If only...引导的条件句（常用感叹的形式）表示强烈的不满，遗憾或愿望，主句常省略，意为：“要是/如果......该多好啊/就好了！”。
用法：从句用did表示与现在事实相反；用would/could/ might do表示与将来事实相反；用had done表示与过去事实相反。（注意：“only if ...”意为：“只
要......”，位于句首时采用部分倒装。）
结构简图：
eg：①If only I could see him once more ! 我要是再见到他就好了！
②If only we had telephoned him in advance !要是事先给他打个电话就好了！ E. Suppose/Supposing /providing/provided (that)...,what if...等某些特殊的连词后引导的条件句中（有时无主句），表示与现在或将来事实相反用did；表示与过去相反用had done 。
eg：①Suppose/Supposing (that) we told her the truth .假定我们把事情的真相告诉她。 ②What if you came tomorrow instead of today . 如果我是你明天来而不是今天来呢？
四·名词性从句中的虚拟语气
即主句含有:建议、命令、请求、要求、愿望、主张等意思时，后面的从句用(should)+V原/should have done的形式。但注意，若从句中含有”竟然，惊讶，诧异”之意时，”should”则不可以省。
特殊用法：
⑴ . wish用法如下：
1． 表示与现在相反的愿望:
主语 + wish (that)...did (were)...
2． 表示与过去相反的愿望:
主语 + wish (that)...had done...
(注意：如果wish在表达对过去情况的虚拟而不是未实现的愿望时，有时也可用:主语 + wish (that)...would/could have done)。
3． 表示与将来相反的愿望：
主语 + wish (that)... could/would/might do
⑵ . suggest (that) +
虚拟(意为：建议) 陈述(意为：表明、暗示、认为)
③在谈论将来情形时用: would (could/might)+do
B. in case ,lest ,for fear that 表“以防，以免”等引导的目的状语中的虚拟语气，其后的形式为: (should)+V原 (但注意 ,in case 句中的should通常不省)。若不用虚拟也可用陈述，即用:一般现在时或过去时。
C. even if/though “即使，纵然，虽然”
虚拟
:同if用法相同 (方法:主句含有情态动词的过去式)。
陈述:表示真实情况。
六·形容词性从句中的虚拟语气
④含一种:①含蓄虚拟语气(情+have done/do)。②名词性从句(除wish外)与表”以防”意义的条件句中的虚拟一样(should+V原)。
Yuri.Phang
篇二：虚拟语气用法详解
虚拟语气用法详解
一、 条件句中的虚拟语气
1. 条件句中虚拟语气的形式
条件句有真实条件句和非真实(虚拟)条件句两种。真实条件句所表示的假设是有可能发
生的，而非真实条件句则通常表示一种假想，与事实相反或不大可能会发生：
If I have time, I will go with them. 假若我有时间，我就同他们去。(陈述语气)
If I were you, I would go with them. 假若我是你，我就同他们去。(虚拟语气)
非真实条件句中的虚拟语气根据不同的时间有三种不同的形式。
注：几点特别说明
① 主句谓语中的should主要用于第一人称后。would, might, could的大致区别是：wo
uld表示结果，might表示可能性，could表示能力、允许或可能性。比较：
If you tried again you would succeed. 要是你再试一试，你就会成功的。(would表结
果)
If you tried again you might succeed. 要是你再试一试，你可能会成功的。(might表可
能)
If you tried again you could succeed. 要是你再试一试，你就能成功了。(could表能力)
② 条件从句的谓语动词为be时，不管其主语为单数还是复数通常都用were，但在口
语或非正式文体中的单数第一人称和第三人称后，也可用was，不过在 If I were you这样
的表达中，通常还是以用were为宜。
③ 有时条件从句用would表示愿意：
If he would live on with me, I would be his better half. 要是他还愿意跟我过，我仍
会做他的妻子。
④ 对于与将来事实相反的情形，请注意以下几点：一是这里说的与将来事实相反，实为对将来情况的推测；二是此用法中的条件从句谓语除用过去式外，有时也用“should+动词原形”(表示可能性极小，常译为“万一”)或“were to+动词原形”(表示与将来事实相反的假设)；三是当条件从句使用“should+动词原形”这样的谓语时，主句谓语除可用“should (would, could, might)+动词原形”这样的虚拟语气外，也可用陈述语气或祈使语气：
If it should rain tomorrow, don’t expect me. 万一明天下雨，就不要等我了。
I should see him, I’ll tell him. 万一我见到他，我就告诉他。
2. 条件句中的虚拟语气的举例
(1) 将来时的条件句中的虚拟语气。如：
If he should go to Qing Hua University, he would make full use of his time. 如果他要上清华大学的话，他就会充分利用他的时间了。
If he were to come here, he would tell us about it. 如果他要来的话，他会通知我们一声。
(2) 现在时的条件句中的虚拟语气。如：
If he were free, he would help us. 要是他有空的话，它会帮助我们的。
If he studied at this school, he would know you well. 如果他在这所学校学习的话，它会对你很熟悉。
(3) 过去时的条件句中的虚拟语气。如：
If I had seen the film, I would have told you about it. 我如果看过这场电影，我会把电影内容告诉你了。
If I had got there earlier, I would have met Mr. Li. 如果我早点到那儿，我就会会到了李先生。
3. 运用条件句中的虚拟语气时，须注意的几个问题
(1) 当从句的主语为第三人称单数时，谓语动词若是系动词be时，可用 was 代替 were。但在倒装虚拟结构及 if I were you, as it were 中，只能用 were。如：
Were I ten years younger, I would study abroad. 要是我还年轻十岁的话，我会去国外学习。
If I were you, I would try my best to grasp the chance. 要是我是你的话，我要尽力抓住这次机会。
(2) 有时，虚拟条件句中，主、从句的动作若不是同时发生时，须区别对待。
①从句的动作与过去事实相反，而主句的动作与现在或现在正在发生的事实不符。如： If I had worked hard at school, I would be an engineer, too. 如果我在学校学习刻苦的话，我现在也会使工程师了
If they had informed us, we would not come here now. 如果他们通知过我们的话，我们现在就不会来这里了。
②从句的动作与现在事实相反，而主句的动作与过去事实不符。如：
If he were free today, we would have sent him to Beijing. 如果他今天有空的话，我们会已经派他去北京了。
If he knew her, he would have greeted her. 要是他认识她的话，他肯定会去问候她了。
③从句的动作与过去发生的情况相反，而主句的动作与现在正在发生的情况相反。如： If it had not been raining too much, the crops would be growing much better. 如果天不下太多的雨的话，庄家会长得更好。
If he had been working hard, he would be working in the office now. 要是他工作一直努力的话，他现在已进了办公室了。
(3) 当虚拟条件句的谓语动词含有 were, should, had 时，if 可省略，而将 were, should, had等词置于句首。如：
Should he agree to go there, we would send him there. 要是他答应去的话，我们就派他去。
Were she here, she would agree with us. 如果她在这儿的话，她会同意我们的。 Had he learnt about computers, we would have hired him to work here. 如果她懂一些电脑知识的话，我们会已经聘用他来这里工作了(from )。
(4) 有时，句子没有直接给出假设情况的条件，而须通过上下文或其他方式来判断。如： I would have come to see you, but I was too busy. 我本该来看你了，然而我太忙了。 But for his help, we would be working now. 要不是他的帮助，我们还会在工作呢。 Without your instruction, I would not have made such great progress. 要是没有你的指导，我不会取得如此大的进步。
(5) 有时，虚拟条件句中，主、从句可以省略其中的一个，来表示说话人的一种强烈的感情。
①省略从句
He would have finished it. 他本该完成了。
You could have passed this exam. 你应该会通过这次考试了。
②省略主句
If I were at home now. 要是我现在在家里该多好啊。
If only I had got it. 要是我得到它了该多好啊。
二、其他状语从句的虚拟语气
1. 目的状语从句中的虚拟语气
(1) 在 for fear that, in case, lest 引导的目的状语从句中，若用虚拟语气时，从句谓语为： should + 动词原形。并且 should 不能省略
She examined the door again for fear that a thief should come in. 她又把门检查了一遍，以防盗贼的进入。
He started out earlier lest he should be late. 他很早就出发了以防迟到。
(2) 在 so that, in order that 所引导的目的状语从句中，从句中的谓语为：can / may / could / might / will / would / should + 动词原形。如(from )：
He goes closer to the speaker so that he can hear him clearer. 他走近说话的人以便能挺得更清楚。
He read the letter carefully in order that he should not miss a word. 他把信读得很仔细以便不漏掉一个单词。
2. 让步状语从句中的虚拟语气
(1) 在 even if, even though 所引导的让步状语从句中，可用虚拟语气，主句、从句的结构与 if 所引导的条件从句结构相同。如：
Even if he were here himself, he should not know what to do. 即使他亲自来也不知该怎么办。
Nobody could save him even though Hua Tuo should come here. 即使华佗在世也救不了他。
(2) 在whatever, whichever, whenever, whoever, wherever, however, no matter wh-word 等引导的让步状语从句中，从句虚拟语气结构为：
① may +动词原形(指现在或将来)。如：
We will finish it on time no matter what / whatever may happen. 不管发生什么事，我们都要按时完成。
We will find him wherever / no matter where he may be. 无论他在哪里，我们都要找到他。
I will wait for him no matter how late he may come. 不管他来的多么晚，我都会等他。
② may +完成式(指过去) ，主句结构不限。如：
You mustn’t be proud whatever / no matter what great progress you may have made. 不管你取得了多么大的进步，你也不能骄傲(from )。
We must respect him no matter what / whatever mistakes he may have made. 不管他翻过什么错误，我们必须尊敬他。
(3) 在though, although等引导的让步状语从句中，从句虚拟语气结构为 should +动词原形，主句结构不限。如：
Although / Though he should often be late, he is a good student. 尽管他经常迟到，他还是个好学生。
Although / Though he should be secretary, he must obey the rules. 尽管他是书记，他也必须遵守规定。
3. 方式状语从句中的虚拟语气
例如：
They began to talk warmly as if they had known each other for long. 他们开始热烈的谈论起来就好像他们已相互认识很久了。
He coughed twice as if someone should come. 他咳嗽两声就好像有人要来了。4. 原因状语从句中的虚拟语气
篇三：英语虚拟语气的用法详解
虚拟语气的用法荟萃
一：概念：虚拟语气是指和现实情况相反的假设，是对真实情况的主观臆想或是一种主观愿望。
二：虚拟语气涉及的情况：
1)用在由if引导的非真实条件句中。条件句分为真实条件句和非真实条件句。
A)真实条件句：即条件是可实现的客观事实或者真实情况。
如：If you heat ice, it melts.(融化)
If I make a promise, I keep it.
If we catch the early bus, we will(shall,can, may,)get there by lunch time.
If it is fine tomorrow, we can play basketball.(客观事实)
If it rains, I go to school on foot.
☆B)If 引导的非真实条件句中，即虚拟条件句中。主要涉及到对三种情况的虚拟：对过去的虚拟；对现在的虚拟；对将来的虚拟。谓语动词的时态变化符合“倒退一步法”。
①对过去真实情况的虚拟，或者对过去事实完全相反的假设：
公式：
if? had + V-ed分词（从句）, ? Would（could,might,should） + have+ V-ed分词 ?（主句） 如：If we had started earlier, we should not have missed the train.
If she 实际上没帮)
If I had made good prepatation, I wouldn't have lost the job.
②对现在真实情况的虚拟，或者对现在真实情况相反的假设：
公式：
If ...+V-过去式(be多用were),...+would/should/could/might + 动词原形 实际上没时间)
③对将来情况相反的假设：
公式：
If 。。。+动词过去式/should +动词原形/were to +动词原形,。。。+would/should/could/might +动词原形
If it should/were to/ rain tomorrow, I would stay at home.(下雨的可能性很小)
※注意：虚拟语气的倒装语序：上述(1),(2),(3)三种时态的虚拟句中,如果if从句里含有should, had, were或其他助动词,则可将从属连词if省去,将助动词.情态动词.be或have放在句首形成部分倒装.
If I had time, I would have done that yesterday.
==Had I had time, I would have done that yesterday.
If I were you, I would go to the party.
==Were I you, I would go to the party.
If it should rain tomorrow, I would stay at home
==Should it rain tomorrow, I would stay at home.
2）错综时间if虚拟条件句
通常情况下,在非真实条件句中主句和从句的谓语动词所指时间是一致的, 但有时也可能指不同的时间,这时要根据上下文的意思采用不同的谓语动词形式.
如： If I were you, I would have taken his advice. (从句指一般情况, 主句指过去)
If I had taken my raincoat with me this morning, I would not be wet now. (从句指过去,主句指现在).
If I had bought that ticket last night, I would go to the theater(剧院) with you tomorrow.
3）that从句及其他特殊句型中的虚拟语气：
A)在suggest, order（命令） demand（要求）,request（要求），require（要求）， propose（建议）,move（提议）， command,（指挥） , recommend（推荐）, decide, insist（坚持）, desire（渴望）, urge（督促）等动词后的宾语从句中要用 “ (should) +动词原形” 来表示愿望,建议, 命令,要求等;
注意：由上述动词派生或转化的名词形式，如suggestion, proposal, plan, motion, recommendation, demand, order, desire, request, requirement, insistence, advice, decision , ）等的同位语从句或表语从句中也要用相应的虚拟形式.
如：
B) 在It is/was + 某些形容词 + that 从句的句型中,that从句中的谓语动词常用虚拟语气,即 “should + 动词原形” 。这些形容词有:
important, necessary（必要的）, essential（关键的，及其重要的）, imperative（必需的）, natural, strange, advisable（可取的，明智的）, desirable（可取的）, possible, probable（很可能的）, astonishing（令人震惊的）, surprising, desired, suggested（被建议的）, requested,（被要求的） recommended（被推荐的）, ordered, proposed, decided, obligatory（义不容辞的, 必须的),moved（被提议的）等.
如：
It is necessary/essential/imperative/important that he should be given the chance.
It's ordered that he should come back without delay.(他被命令不许回来迟了。)
It's very essential that we should learn to speak English under the background of economic globalization.
It's advisable that he should take part in the party.
※注意： should + 动词原形(或完成形式)” 可表示惊奇,遗憾,怀疑,不满等。 I. 如： I never expected that the new apartment should be so small.
II. 如： It is a pity that he should be so careless.
III.
Eg. He handled the instrument with care for fear that it should be damaged.
He walked out of the room quietly lest his mother should notice him.
4）用在wish之后的宾语从句中。
①表示现在的愿望，从句谓语用一般过去时，be换成were
I wish I were not at the party.我希望现在自己没在这个晚会上。
②表示过去的愿望，从句谓语用过去完成时或could have + V.ed
I wish I had studied harder last term.我希望上学期我学习更努力就好了。
③表示将来不大可能实现的愿望，从句谓语用would + V.
I wish he would invite me to the party this weekend.
5)用在It is about(high)time+ that从句中（表示应该做，但还没做）。That从句的谓语用一般过去时，that可省略。如：
It’s high time we went to bed.
6)在would rather, would sooner(宁愿), would just as soon(宁愿)的宾语从句中，从句谓语动词有两种情况：
①表示现在或将来虚拟时，谓语一般都用一般过去时；如：
I would rather you came next week instead of today.
②表示过去虚拟用过去完成时。如；
I would rather that I hadn’t finished the task.
7)在 “as if/ as though” 引导的状语从句中,谓语动词与wish的宾语从句的虚拟形式相同.
如： He works with such enthusiasm（热情） as if he never knew fatigue（疲劳）. 注意：若as if从句表示的是真实情况，则不用虚拟语气，照常用陈述语气。
如：
It seems as if they know each other. (真实情况)
It seems as though it were already spring. (虚拟语气)
8） 用在if only （要是。。。就好了）引起的感叹句中. Eg. If only the driver didn’t drive so fast!要是他没开这么快就好了。 If only I were not so nervous.(紧张的)要是我现在不紧张就好了。
9)用于含蓄条件句。当句中中带有介词如“but for”,"without"表示“要不是”，“否则”等，虚拟语气的使用。如： Without electricity, we would live a boring life.
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