篇一：26个英文字母大小写的规范书写
26个英文字母大小写的规范书写
篇二：英语长句子翻译技巧
英语长句子翻译技巧
对于每一个英语句子的翻译, 并不只是使用一种翻译方法, 而是多种翻译方法的综合运用, 这在英语长句的翻译中表现得尤为突出。长句在科技性的文体中的出现极为频繁, 因此也就成为研究生入学考试的重点, 通过对近年来试题的分析我们可以看出, 所考查的绝大多数划线的部分都是长句。在翻译长句时, 首先，不要因为句子太长而产生畏惧心理，因为，无论是多么复杂的句子，它都是由一些基本的成分组成的。其次要弄清英语原文的句法结构, 找出整个句子的中心内容及其各层意思, 然后分析几层意思之间的相互逻辑关系, 再按照汉语的特点和表达方式, 正确地译出原文的意思, 不必拘泥于原文的形式。 英语长句的分析
一般来说, 造成长句的原因有三方面: (1) 修饰语过多;(2) 并列成分多;
(3) 语言结构层次多。在分析长句时可以采用下面的方法:
(1) 找出全句的主语、谓语和宾语, 从整体上把握句子的结构。
(2) 找出句中所有的谓语结构、非谓语动词、介词短语和从句的引导词。
(3) 分析从句和短语的功能, 例如, 是否为主语从句, 宾语从句, 表语从句等,若是状语, 它是表示时间、原因、结果、还是表示条件等等)。
(4) 分析词、短语和从句之间的相互关系, 例如, 定语从句所修饰的先行词是哪一个等。
(5) 注意插入语等其他成分。
(6) 注意分析句子中是否有固定词组或固定搭配
英语习惯于用长的句子表达比较复杂的概念, 而汉语则不同,常常使用若干短句, 作层次分明的叙述。因此, 在进行英译汉时, 要特别注意英语和汉语之间的差异, 将英语的长句分解, 翻译成汉语的短句。在英语长句的翻译过程中, 我们一般采取下列的方法。
(1) 顺序法。当英语长句的内容的叙述层次与汉语基本一致时, 可以按照英语原文的顺序翻译成汉语。
（2) 逆序法。英语有些长句的表达次序与汉语表达习惯不同, 甚至完全相反, 这时必须从原文后面开始翻译。
(3)分句法。有时英语长句中主语或主句与修饰词的关系并不十分密切, 翻译时可以按照汉语多用短句的习惯, 把长句的从句或短语化成句子, 分开来叙述,为了使语意连贯, 有时需要适当增加词语。
(4) 综合法。上面我们讲述了英语长句的逆序法、顺序法和分句法, 事实上,在翻译一个英语长句时, 并不只是单纯地使用一种翻译方法, 而是要求我们把各种方法综合使用, 这在我们上面所举的例子中也有所体现。尤其是在一些情况下, 一些英语长句单纯采用上述任何一种方法都不方便, 这就需要我们的仔细分析, 或按照时间的先后,或按照逻辑顺序, 顺逆结合, 主次分明地对全句进行综合处理,以便把英语原文翻译成通顺忠实的汉语句子。
篇三：英语数字翻译
1.Cardinals and Ordinals 基数和序数
(1)100以内的数词
基数 序数
Roman Arabic
Numerals Numerals
罗马数字 阿拉伯数字 读法 数码 读法
I 1 one 1st the first
II 2 two 2nd the second
III 3 three 3rd the third
IV 4 four 4th the fourth
V 5 five 5th the fifth
VI 6 six 6th the sixth
VII 7 seven 7th the seventh
VIII 8 eight 8th the eighth
IX 9 nine 9th the ninth
X 10 ten 10th the tenth
XI 11 eleven 11th the eleventh
XII 12 twelve 12th the twelfth
XIII 13 thirteen 13th the thirteenth
XIV 14 fourteen 14th the fourteenth
XV 15 fifteen 15th the fifteenth
XVI 16 sixteen 16th the sixteenth
XVII 17 seventeen 17th the seventeenth
XVIII 18 eighteen 18th the eighteenth
XIX 19 nineteen 19th the nineteenth
XX 20 twenty 20th the twentieth
XXI 21 twenty-one 21st the twenty-first
XXV 25 twenty-five 25th the twenty-fifth
XXX 30 thirty 30th the thirtieth
XL 40 forty 40th the fortieth
L 50 fifty 50th the fiftieth
LX 60 sixty 60th the sixtieth
LXX 70 seventy 70th the seventieth
LXXX 80 eighty 80th the eightieth
XC 90 ninety 90th the ninetieth
IC 99 ninety-nine 99th the ninety-ninth
C 100 one hundred 100th the hundredth
CII 102 a hundred 102nd the (one) hundred
and two and second
246 two hundred and forty-six
751 seven hundred and fifty-one
(2)1000以上的数词
1,000 = one thousand 一千
10,000 = ten thousand 一万
100,000 = one hundred thousand 十万
1,000,000 = one million 一百万
10,000,000 = ten million 一千万
100,000,000=one hundred million 一亿
(3)十亿以上的大数，英美有不同的读法：
英国 美国
十亿 one thousand million = one billion
百亿 ten thousand million = ten billion
千亿 one hundred thousand million = one hundred billion
万亿 one billion = one trillion
2.Fractions 分数
通常将分子读为基数，将分母读为序数。
1/2 = a (or one) half
1/3 = a (or one) third
1/4 = a quarter or one fouth
1/5 = a (or one) fifth
2/3 = two thirds
9/10 = nine tenths
53/4 = five and three quarters
15/64= fifteen over (or by) sixty-four
15% = fifteen per cent
4‰ = four per mill
3.Decimals 小数
0.4 = zero (or nought) point four
.01 = point (or decimal) nought one
12.34 = twelve point three four
567.809 = five hundred and sixty-seven point eight nought nine
30.45 = thirty point four five, five recurring
0.3% = decimal three percent
4.Mathematic Forms 数学式
(1) Addition 加法
1+2=3 One and two are three.
2+3=5 Two plus three equals five.
4+0=4 Four and nought is equal to four.
45+70+152=267 45,70 and 152 added are (or make) 267
the sum (or total) is 267.
演算时的读法： Three and seven are ten; I write(or I write down,or I put down)a nought and carry one. Four and one that I carry are five, and eight make thirteen,and three sixteen; I write down six and carry one. One and one (that I carry) are two; I put down two.- The sum (or total, or the result of the addition) is two hundred and sixty. 37,80 and 143 added together, and(or make) 260.
(2)Subtraction 减法
9-4=5 Nine minus four equals (or is equal to) five.
15-7=8 Seven from fifteen leaves eight.
23,654-8,175=15,479 8,175 (take or subtracted) from 23,654 leaves 15,479. The difference
(or The remainder) is 15,479.
Nine from five won`t go.
演算时的读法：Nought from nought (leaves) nought. One from one leaves nought (or nothing).
Two from three (leaves) one. I can`t take (or subtract) five from four; I must borrow ten; five from fourteen leaves nine.- The difference (or The remainder) is nine thousand one hundred. 5210 (take or substracted) from 14,310 leaves 9,100.
(3)Multiplication 乘法
1×0=0 One multiplied by nought equals nought.
1×1=1 Once one is one.
2×1=2 Twice one is two.
3×5=15 Three times five is fifteen
6×0=0 Multiply six by nothing, and the result is nothing.
演算时的读法: Five times nine (or Nine multiplied by five) are forty-five; I put down five and carry four. Five times seven are thirty-five and four (that I carry) are thirty-nine; I write down nine and carry three. Five times six make thirty and three (that I carry) thirty-three; I put
down thirty-three.
Eight times nine (or Eight nine) are seven two; I write two and carry seven. Eight sevens make
fifty-six and seven are sixty-three. I put down three and carry six. Eight sixes make forty-eight
and six fifty-four; I write down fifty-four.
I now add the partial results (or products) Five. Two and nine are eleven. Three and three are
six and one are seven. Four and three make seven. Five.
(4)Division 除法
9÷3=3 Nine divided by three maks (or is equal to) three.
20÷5=4 Five into twenty goes four times.
4567÷23=198余13 23 into 4567 goes 198 times, and 13 remainder.
The quctient is 198, and 13 remainder.
演算时的读法: Fifteen into thirteen won`t go ; fifteen into one hundred and thirty-eight goes nine
times; nine times fifteen are one hundred and threty-five; one hundred and thirty-five from one hundred
and thirty-eight leaves three; I bring down seven; fifteen into thirty-seven goes twice; twice fifteen
are thirty; thirty from thirty-seven leaves seven.
The (exact) quotient is ninety-two, and seven remainder; 15 into 1387 goes 92 times, and 7 remainder.
5.Time 时间
(1)Hours 钟点
2h.5?8" = two hours five minutes eight seconds 2小时5分8秒
6.18 = six eighteen 6时18分
8.30 a.m.= eight thirty a.m.[?ei ?em] 上午8时30分
the 6.05 p.m.train = the six (nought) five p.m.[?pi:?em] train 下午6时零5分列车 又二十四小时混合制的写法和读法如下：
0900 = 0 nine hunderd (上午)9时
0910 = 0 nine ten (上午)9时10分
1300 = thirteen hundred 13时(下午1时)
1525 = fifteen twenty-five 15时25分(下午3时25分)
2000 = twenty hundred 20时(下午8时)
at 5 o?c =at five o?clock 五点钟
(2)Date 日期
Oct.1 =October first 10月1日
Oct.1st = October the first 10月1日
Ist Oct. 1949 = teh first of October, nineteen forty-nine 1949年10月1日
3/5 = [英]May (the) third 5月3日；[美]March fifth 3月5日
[附注]联系日期前置词用on.
(3)Year 年份
684 B.C. =Six eighty-four B.C. [?bi:?si:] 公元前684年
1960 = nineteen sixty; nineteen hundred and sixty
19- nineteen something
1950?s nineteen fifties 二十世纪五十年代
[附注]联系年份的前置词用in.
6.Numbers 号码
(1)Telephones Numbers 电话号码
1023 = one O two three; ten twenty-three
1227 = one double two (or two two) seven
0386 = O three eight six
0096 = double O(or O O )nine six
7000 = seven O double O = seven thousand
No.26= Number 26 第26号
Room 201 = Room two O one 第201房间
10 Changan Street = Ten Changan Street 长安街10号
(2)Writings 书籍作品
Vol.I = Volume one (or the first volume) 卷一
Chap.II= Chapter two (or the second chapter) 第2章
Page 3 = page Three (or the third page) 第3页
See pp.5-10 = See Pages five to ten 见第5-10页
Act V = Act five (or the fifth act) 第5幕
Hamlet III 1:56 = Hamlet Act Three, Secene One.Line fifty-six 《哈姆雷特》第3幕第一场第56行
Matt.7:12 = Matthew, Chapter Seven, Verse Twelve 《马可福音》第七章第12节 Beethoven Op.49 = Beethoven Opus forty-nine 贝多芬作品第49号
4to = quarto 四本开 8vo = octavo 八本开
(3)Other 其他
World War I = World War One 第一次世界大战
World War II = World War Two 第二次世界大战
Charles I= Charles the First 查理一世
Hey V = Hey the Fifth 亨利五世
Mr.- = Mr. Dash; Mr. So-and-so 某某先生
Mr.B - = Mr. B
-Esq.,of -= the town of Blank Esquire of Blank University 某大学某某先生
the town ōf = the town of Blank 某某城
The result of the game was 3-0 比赛结果是三比零。
7.Money 货币
(1)British currency 英币
6d. = six pence 六便士
1/2d. = a halfpenny 半便士
11/2d. = a peney halfpenny or three halfpeny or three halfpence一便士半
1/4d. = a farthing 一个铜元
33/4d.= three pence three farghings 三便士三铜元
1s.6d.(or 1/6) = one (shilling) and six (pence) 一先令六便士
￡1.18 = (or￡1.18s.)= one pound eighteen (shillings) 一镑十八先令
￡1.3s.6d. = one pound, three shillings (and) sixpence
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