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战略英语怎么说

来源:免费论文网 | 时间:2017-05-11 07:03 | 移动端:战略英语怎么说

篇一:英文文献和翻译:品牌战略

外文翻译:

品牌战略

原文来源: Aaker, David A.; Erich Joachimsthaler (2000). Brand Leadership. New York: The Free Press. pp. 1–6. ISBN 0-684-83924-5.

译文正文:

品牌管理是营销技术应用到具体产品,产品线或品牌。它旨在提高产品的认知价值给客户,从而提升品牌特许经营和品牌资产。营销人员认为这是一个隐含的承诺,一个品牌,人们的生活质量水平来从一个品牌预期将继续与购买相同产品的未来。这可能会增加决策与竞争产品相比更有利的销售。它也可能使制造商收取更多的产品。品牌的价值是取决于它的利润总额为制造商产生。这可能导致从增加的销售和价格上涨的组合,或降低销售成本(销货成本),或更有效的营销投资。这些增强功能全部可以提高一个品牌的盈利能力,因此,“品牌经理”往往携带一个品牌的P和L(损益线管理责任制)的盈利能力,相比之下,市场营销人员经理的角色,这是分配给上述预算,管理和执行。在这方面,品牌管理通常是在组织视为一个单独比市场更广泛和更战略性的作用。

由《Interbrand》和《Business Week》公布的每年最具价值的品牌名单中可以发现,公司的市场价值通常是由品牌决定。麦肯锡公司是一家全球性咨询公司,在2000年的研究表明,相对股东比较弱的品牌,实力雄厚则品牌产生更高的回报。两者合计,这意味着,品牌严重影响股东价值,最终品牌的首席执行官需要对其负责任。

管理学科的品牌开始了在宝洁公司的PLC作为一个由Neil阁下麦克尔罗伊著名的备忘录的结果。

品牌管理原则

一个好的品牌名称应:

·受商标法保护。

·朗朗上口。

·容易被记住。

·容易被识别。

·在该品牌可以使用的范围内很容易被翻译成当地语言

·吸引眼球。

·引出产品的优点(如:易关)

·提升公司或产品形象。

·竞争环境下区分产品的定位。

·有一个突出的品牌集团。

品牌的种类

·优质品牌

·经济品牌

·个人品牌

·系列品牌

·企业

品牌的功能

让消费者对产品来源的鉴定,责任分配到产品制造商,风险减速器,搜寻成本减速器,象征设备,质量信号。识别手段,以简化处理或追踪,法律上保护独特的功能,信号的质量

水平,以满足客户的手段,赋予独特的团体,竞争优势,经济回报源代码产品的手段。 品牌架构

由一个公司拥有相互关联的不同的品牌是品牌架构。该公司支持许多各有自己的名称和表现形式不同的产品品牌,而公司本身仍然不被消费者注意到。宝洁公司被许多人视为是一个具有创造很多产品品牌,如汰渍,帮宝适,象牙和潘婷等有关的消费品牌例子。

母体是依赖于品牌的产品品牌,如万怡酒店(产品品牌酒店)(母品牌名称)。认可品牌得益于其母体的地位,从而凭借一些市场推广母体的所有品牌广告与品牌节省费用。

第三种品牌架构模型是最通常被称为“企业品牌”。而母品牌是所有产品的使用和携带这个名字,所有广告用同一个声音说话。这方面的一个品牌架构很好的例子就是英国的维珍集团。

品牌管理技术

公司有时要减少他们的品牌,市场的数量。这个过程被称为“品牌的合理化。”一些公司往往比规模经济创造更多的品牌和产品品牌的变化不会将表明。有时,他们将创建一个特定的服务或产品品牌的市场,他们为每个目标。在产品品牌而言,这可能是获得零售货架空间(和减少量的货架空间分配给竞争品牌)。公司可以决定他们的合理化不时品牌组合,以争取时间生产和营销的效率,或者合理化重组计划的一部分,作为一个公司的品牌组合。

品牌经理的一个经常性的挑战是建立一个一致的品牌,同时保持其新鲜和相关信息。一个旧的品牌标识,可能是未对齐,以重新界定目标市场,一个公司的愿景声明重申,重新使命声明或公司的价值观。品牌的身份也可能失去他们的目标市场,通过人口结构的变化共鸣。重新定位一个品牌(有时称为更名),可能有些品牌资产的成本,并能迷惑目标市场,但理想情况下,一个品牌可以被重新定位为杠杆,同时保留现有的品牌资产。

品牌定位是一种蓄意的方式与品牌,在内部和外部。最重要的原动力这一强大的品牌更多的关注力是全球化的步伐加快。这导致了在一个日益严峻的市场竞争在许多情况。一个产品的优势已不再足以保证其成功本身。科技发展和增加速度较快,而仿制品在市场上打开了产品生命周期已大大缩短。其结果是,与产品相关的竞争优势尽快成为具有竞争力的先决条件的风险转化。基于这个原因,越来越多的公司正在寻找其他更持久的竞争工具,如品牌。 挑战

有与目标设定为一类相关的一些挑战。

品牌经理有时会限制自己设定目标,财务和市场表现。他们可能没有问题的战略目标,如果他们觉得这是高级管理人员的责任。

大多数产品级别或品牌经理限制自己设定短期,因为他们的补偿方案,旨在奖励短期行为目标。短期目标应被看作是实现长期目标的里程碑。

产品级别管理者往往没有足够的信息来构建的战略目标。

这是有时很难转化为品牌或产品类别的企业级水平的目标。

在一个多元化的公司,一些品牌的目标可能会发生冲突与其他品牌的。或者更糟的是,公司的目标可能与你的品牌冲突的具体需要。在这方面尤其如此之间的平衡稳定和风险性了。公司的目标必须是广泛的,与高风险产品的品牌不被抱现金奶牛既定目标约束(见卡介苗分析)。该品牌经理还需要了解高层管理人员的收获策略。

品牌经理有时既定目标,优化了整体优化,而不是公司业绩本单位的表现。尤其是这样的赔偿是基于在单位表现为主。管理者往往忽视潜在的协同和跨部门的联合进程。 品牌背后的实现整合营销的整体组织路线是复杂的。

品牌是在社会有时批评媒体网站,这必须受到监督和管理。

在线品牌管理

公司正在执行一项势在必行的品牌声誉管理战略,并越来越多地转向网上的努力,以防

止他们成为受损的公众形象监测。在线品牌声誉的保护可能意味着对一个品牌的商标被骗子盗用监测意图混淆消费者获取金钱。这也意味着可以减少恶意监测,虽然也许同样有害,违规行为,如一个品牌的标志,甚至是负品牌信息(在网上社区和其他社会媒体平台出现的网络消费者)未经授权的使用。

ISBN 0-684-83924-5

Brand Leadership

Aaker, David A. Erich Joachimsthaler

Brand management is the application of marketing techniques to a specific product, product line, or brand. It seeks to increase the product's perceived value to the customer and thereby increase brand franchise and brand equity. Marketers see a brand as an implied promise that the level of quality people have come to expect from a brand will continue with future purchases of the same product. This may increase sales by making a comparison with competing products more favorable. It may also enable the manufacturer to charge more for the product. The value of the brand is determined by the amount of profit it generates for the manufacturer. This can result from a combination of increased sales and increased price, and/or reduced COGS (cost of goods sold), and/or reduced or more efficient marketing investment. All of these enhancements may improve the profitability of a brand, and thus, "Brand Managers" often carry line-management accountability for a brand's P&L (Profit and Loss) profitability, in contrast to marketing staff manager roles, which are allocated budgets from above, to manage and execute. In this regard, Brand Management is often viewed in organizations as a broader and more strategic role than Marketing alone.

The annual list of the world’s most valuable brands, published by Interbrand and Business Week, indicates that the market value of companies often consists largely of brand equity. Research by McKinsey & Company, a global consulting firm, in 2000 suggested that strong, well-leveraged brands produce higher returns to shareholders than weaker, narrower brands. Taken together, this means that brands seriously impact shareholder value, which ultimately makes branding a CEO responsibility.

The discipline of brand management was started at Procter & Gamble PLC as a result of a famous memo by Neil H. McElroy.

Principles of brand management

A good brand name should:

? be protected (or at least protectable) under trademark law.

? be easy to pronounce.

? be easy to remember.

? be easy to recognize.

? be easy to translate into all languages in the markets where the brand will be used.

? attract attention.

? suggest product benefits (e.g.: Easy-Off) or suggest usage (note the tradeoff with strong trademark protection.)

? suggest the company or product image.

? distinguish the product's positioning relative to the competition.

? be attractive.

? stand out among a group of other brands.

Types of brands

>premium brand >economy brand >fighting brand >corporate branding >individual branding >family branding >"

Functions of brand

(For consumers) Identification of source of product, Assignment of responsibility to product maker, Risk reducer, Search cost reducer, Symbolic device, Signal of quality.

(For Manufacture)

Means of identification to simplify handling or tracing, Means of legally protecting unique features, Signal of quality level to satisfied customers, Means of endowing products with unique associations, Source of competitive advantage, Source of financial returns. ("Strategic Brand Management" 3rd edition,Kevin Lane Keller)

Brand architecture

The different brands owned by a company are related to each other via brand architecture. In "product brand architecture", the company supports many different product brands with each having its own name and style of expression while the company itself remains invisible to consumers. Procter & Gamble, considered by many to have created product branding, is a choice example with its many uelated consumer brands such as Tide, Pampers, Abunda, Ivory and Pantene.

With "endorsed brand architecture", a mother brand is tied to product brands, such as The Courtyard Hotels (product brand name) by Marriott (mother brand name). Endorsed brands benefit from the standing of their mother brand and thus save a company some marketing expense by virtue promoting all the linked brands whenever the mother brand is advertised.

The third model of brand architecture is most commonly referred to as "corporate branding". The mother brand is used and all products carry this name and all advertising speaks with the same voice. A good example of this brand architecture is the UK-based conglomerate Virgin. Virgin brands all its businesses with its name.

Techniques

Companies sometimes want to reduce the number of brands that they market. This process is known as "Brand rationalization." Some companies tend to create more brands and product variations within a brand than economies of scale would indicate. Sometimes, they will create a specific service or product brand for each market that they target. In the case of product branding, this may be to gain retail shelf space (and reduce the amount of shelf space allocated to competing brands). A company may decide to rationalize their portfolio of brands from time to time to gain production and marketing efficiency, or to rationalize a brand portfolio as part of corporate restructuring.

A recurring challenge for brand managers is to build a consistent brand while keeping its message fresh and relevant. An older brand identity may be misaligned to a redefined target market, a restated corporate vision statement, revisited mission statement or values of a company. Brand identities may also lose resonance with their target market through demographic evolution. Repositioning a brand (sometimes called rebranding), may cost some brand equity, and can confuse the target market, but ideally, a brand can be repositioned while retaining existing brand equity for leverage.

Brand orientation is a deliberate approach to working with brands, both internally and externally. The most important driving force behind this increased interest in strong brands is the accelerating pace of globalization. This has resulted in an ever-tougher competitive situation on many markets.

A product’s superiority is in itself no longer sufficient to guarantee its success. The fast pace of technological development and the increased speed with which imitations turn up on the market have dramatically shortened product lifecycles. The consequence is that product-related competitive advantages soon risk being transformed into competitive prerequisites. For this reason, increasing numbers of companies are looking for other, more enduring, competitive tools – such as brands. Brand Orientation refers to "the degree to which the organization values brands and its practices are oriented towards building brand capabilities” (Bridson & Evans, 2004).

Challenges

There are several challenges associated with setting objectives for a category.

? Brand managers sometimes limit themselves to setting financial and market performance objectives. They may not question strategic objectives if they feel this is the responsibility of senior management.

? Most product level or brand managers limit themselves to setting short-term objectives because their compensation packages are designed to reward short-term behavior. Short-term objectives should be seen as milestones towards long-term objectives.

? Often product level managers are not given enough information to construct strategic objectives.

? It is sometimes difficult to translate corporate level objectives into brand- or product-level category.

? In a diversified company, the objectives of some brands may conflict with those of other

篇二:演讲稿,中英文-战略思维

所谓的战略思维,就是关于实践活动的全局性思维,其根本特征是正确处理实践活动中各方面、各阶段之间的关系,以达到全局的最佳效果。在工作中,我们是业务绩效的主导者;在生活中,我们是家庭重要组成者,无论是成为一名总览大局的领导者还是实际的执行者,都应该拥有自身的战略思维能力,如何培养战略思维能力,成为拥有战略思维能力的个体显得尤为重要,那么一是独立性:思维能力强的人必定是善于独立思考的人。即使请教别人、查阅资料,也是以独立思考为前提的。二是灵活性与敏捷性:对事物反映迅速而且灵活,不墨守成规,能较快地认识、解决问题。三是逻辑性:思考问题严密而且科学,不穿凿附会,不支离破碎,得出的结论有充足的理由和证据,前因后果思路清晰。四是全面性:看问题不片面,能从不同角度整体地看待事物。五是创造性:对问题能提出创造性见解,想到别人想不到方面。 只有具备较高的战略思维能力,才能正确处理战略目标、战略布局、战略重点、战略步骤、战略保障、战略转变等一系列事关全局的战略问题,才能有正确的战略规划和战略行动,才能驾驭全局取得事业的成功和可持续发展

So-called strategic thinking, it is about the practice of holistic thinking, its basic characteristics is the correct practice in all aspects, the relationship between each stage, in order to achieve global optimal results. At work, we are the leader of the business performance; In life, we are family is an important person, whether to be a leader in an overview the big picture or the executor of the practical, should have its own strategic thinking ability, how to train the ability of strategic thinking, it is particularly important to become more strategic thinking ability of the individual, so it is a independence: thinking ability of the person must be good at independent thinking person. Even consult others, data access, on the premise of independent thinking. Second, flexibility and agility: to reflect the rapid and flexible, things not hidebound, can quickly recognize and solve the problem. Are three logical: strict and scientific, not forced analogy, not broken, the conclusion there are plenty of reasons and evidence, the cause and clarity. Four is a comprehensive: can see problems not one-sided, overall to look at things from different angles. Five is creative, can come up with creative ideas to the problem, think about other people think. Only high strategic thinking ability, can properly handle the strategic target, strategic layout, strategic focus, strategic steps, strategic security, strategic shift and a series of global strategy is concerned, to have the correct strategic planning and strategic action, to manage global business success and sustainable development

篇三:你的战略需要战略 翻译

第一章

前言

你的战略需要战略

如何正确选择并执行企业战略

战略是达成目的的手段,是取得最佳商业成果的方法。提到战略,我们会不由自主地想到规划:审时度势、确立目标并设定达到该目标的各个步骤。长久以来,规划是商业战略的主流:董事会议中是这样,商务课堂里也是如此。然而,有效的商业战略从不局限于这一种方法。石油公司会制定为期数十年的计划,但这种计划对每天都要面对新产品和新竞争者的软件公司CEO来说可能并不合适,软件公司正因为有着这样的特点,在制定战略时会更倾向于随机应变、把握时机。上面提到的长期规划对于创造新产品或新商业模式,并将其推向市场的公司来说也不适用。我们应当采取哪些方法制定战略?何种战略在何种情况下最为有效?这便是本书要回答的核心问题。此外,我们也会向读者展示正确选择战略所创造的价值是多么明显、多么巨大。

和过去相比,当今我们所面对的商业环境越发千变万化、难以捉摸。其原因有多个,其中包括全球一体化、科技飞速发展、经济紧密联系等。人们可能并没有完全注意到我们所面对的商业环境日益多样化,而且涉及面也在不断扩大。

第二页

特别是大型企业,它们在拓展业务过程中所面对的商业环境日益纷繁,而且变化日新月异(见图1-1)。企业必须选择合适的战略方法或战略组合,而且要随着环境的变化不断调整战略组合。

一刀切的模式并不适用。

商业环境中日益加剧的不确定性和动态变化使得一些学者和商界领袖断言,或是暗示竞争优势乃至更广泛意义上的战略已与现实脱节。[1]而事实上,战略的重要性从未像现在这么突出。企业领导更替的频率与速度前所未有地加快,胜者和败者之间的差距变得空前巨大(见图1-2)。许多CEO时刻提防着可能削弱自己公司地位的新生竞争者,而许多新兴企业一心想要做的正是此事。因而,针对所处的商业环境来制定与之相适应的战略凸显出前所未有的重要性。

图1-1

商业环境差异日益增大

企业面对的战略环境热点图

20世纪60年代

MCap波动率*

收益增长+

20世纪80年代

MCap波动率*

收益增长+

21世纪前10年

MCap波动率*

收益增长+

多数企业少数企业

数据来源:Compustat数据库(美国公众公司);马丁·里维斯、克莱尔·鲁夫、菲利普·提尔曼著,《制定战略实需战略》,哈佛商业评论,2012年9月。

注:MCap(market cap)指市值。

*过去十年市值年均增长的标准偏差(对数标尺)。

+过去十年的年均收入绝对增长百分比(对数标尺)。

第三页

美国成功企业与失败企业间的差距不断拉大

行业平均息税前利润率(EBIT margin)

最高四分位数

最低四分位数

数据来源:波士顿咨询公司分析(2014年8月),Compustat数据库。

注释:EBIT为息税前利润。行业平均息税前利润率是基于对近3万4千家上市企业分析得出的。这些企业主要为近年来净销售额超过5千万美元的美国公司;首先按六位数字编码的全球行业分类标准计算出四分位平均值(未加权),接着取各行业的平均值(通过每年各行业的企业数量进行加权处理);排除离群值(息税前利润率高于100%或低于-300%)及在某些年份中缺乏足够数据点的行业。

遗憾的是,现在比以往更难找到正确的企业战略方案。自企业战略这个概念从20世纪60年代早期出现以来,可供公司领导者选择的战略工具及战略框架数量大幅增长(见图1-3)。然而,这些战略方案如何相互联系、是否应当付诸实践却远未可知。

我们并非缺少制定战略的有效方式,我们的不足在于不能合理地针对外部环境选择正确的战略。波特五力模型可能在某一领域行之有效,而蓝海战略、开放式创新战略则适用于其他领域。但在认识每种战略时,人们倾向于将其当作包治百病的灵药。管理者及其他企业领导都面临着一个难题:环境愈加复杂多变,难以把握,成功的风险也越来越大,他们如何才能确定最有效的企业战略?如何借助适当的框架及工具,集思广益,采取行动,构思并执行企业战略?

第四页

图1-3

战略框架增长图

主要战略框架数量

经典方式适应性方式更新方式预见性方式塑造性方式

Red Queen Effect: 红皇后效应

Deliberate corporate strategy: 审慎的企业战略

Experience Curve: 经验曲线

Fishbone Diagram: 鱼骨图

BCG Portfolio matrix : 波士顿矩阵

PEST analysis : PEST分析模型

Scenario Planning : 情景规划

SWOT analysis: SWOT分析

Gap analysis : 差距分析

Innovation adoption curve: 创新采用曲线

Strategy and structure:战略与结构

Barriers to entry: 进入壁垒

Ansoff matrix: 安索夫矩阵

Product life cycle: 产品生命周期

Mintzberg 5ps:明茨伯格的战略5ps模型

Resource based view:资源基础理论

(Dis)continuous innovation: 间断/持续性创新

Diversification strategy and profitability:多元化战略和盈利能力

Niche strategy:利基战略

(BCG) advantage matrix: (波士顿)优势矩阵

3 generic strategies: 三个基本竞争战略

Benchmarking: 标杆分析法

Emergent strategy:应急战略

Logical incrementalism:逻辑渐进

PIMS (Profit impact of market strategy) : PIMS(战略与绩效分析)

Real option: 实物期权

Rule of three and four:三四规则

5 forces: 波特五力模型

7s: 7s模型

TQM: 全面质量管理

3CS: 3C模型

4 phases of strategy: 战略四阶段

Value chain:价值链

Six sigma: 六西格玛

Core competencies:核心竞争力

Diamond model: 钻石模型

Commitment:承诺

Capabilities competition:能力竞争

Sustainability strategy:可持续发展战略

Return on quality:质量收益率

Bowmans strategy clock: 战略钟模型

Co-opetition:竞合

Value innovation:价值创新

Competing for the future: 竞争大未来

Dynamic capabilities:动态能力

Change management:变革管理

Disruptive innovation:颠覆性创新

Hypercompetition:超强竞争理论

Strategic inflection point:战略转折点

Value migration:价值迁移

Ecosystem strategy:商业生态战略系统

Mass customization:大量客制化

Re-engineering: 再造工程

Transformational change:转型变革

Time based competition:时基竞争

First mover advantage: 先驱优势

S curve: S型曲线

Continuous Strategy Process:持续性战略进程

Dynamic strategies:动态战略

Temporary advantage:暂时优势

Tipping point: 引爆点

Strategy as simple rules: 简单规则战略

Serial temporal advantage: 系列暂时优势

New economics of information: 新型信息经济学

Strategic intent:战略意图

Bottom of the pyramid:金字塔底层

Hardball:杀手锏

Strategy without design:无设计战略

Strategy maps:战略地图

Profit patterns:利润模式

Customer centric strategy:客户中心战略

Value chain deconstruction:价值链解构

Distinctive capabilities:特殊能力

Business model innovation:商业模式创新

Competitive strategy: options and games:竞争战略:选择与博弈

Algorithmic strategy:算法战略

Shared value:共同价值观

Open innovation:开放式创新

Blue ocean strategy:蓝海战略

Transient competitive-advantage:暂时的竞争优势

Adaptive advantage:适应性优势

资料来源:潘卡基·盖马沃特,《历史视角下的竞争与企业战略》,《商业历史评论》第76期(2002年春),第37-74页;劳伦斯·弗里德曼,《战略:一段历史》(纽约,牛津大学出版社,2013年);波士顿咨询集团战略研究中心的研究。

注释:3C即客户(Customer)、竞争对手(Competitors)和企业(Corporation);5p即计划(Plan)、计策(Ploy)、模式(Pattern)、定位(Position)及观念(Perspective);7S即战略(Strategy)、结构(Structure)、体制(Systems)、共同价值观(Shared Values)、技能(Skills)、员工(Staff)及风格(Style);PEST即政治(Political)、经济(Economic)、社会(Social)及技术(Technological); SWOT即优势(Strengths)、劣势(Weaknesses)、机遇(Opportunities)及威胁(Threats);TQM即全面质量管理(total quality management)。

第5页

在研究、撰写本书期间,我们咨询了多位商界领导,再次证实了他们所面临的这种困境。他们中有些人指出作为指导思想的战略越来越难以适应千变万化的环境;另一些人则解释说,需要有更行之有效的新方法来替代经典型的战略方法;一名高管甚至说“战略”这个词已经在他们公司被禁用了。许多人都说像他们那样规模庞大的综合型企业,在制定、执行战略的时候,只用一个方案是肯定行不通的。为了应对日益活跃的多元化商业环境以及大量涌现的战略方法,本书提出了一个统一的选择框架:“战略调色板”。该框架旨在帮助企业领导正确选择并有效执行与当前环境相匹配的战略方法;结合使用不同的方法以应对不同的环境或不断变化的环境,并从领导层面推动战略方法的组合应用。

战略色板包含了五种战略原型——你可以将其理解为五原色。你可将其运用到企业的不同领域:跨地域、行业、职能以及企业生命周期的不同阶段,并可根据各领域面临的具体商业环境量身打造合适的战略方法。


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